Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. People will be self-directed and creative to meet their work and organizational objectives if they are committed to them. This site is developed by Dr. Serhat Kurt. Job sharing The Situational Leadership Theory by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard, who says that there is no single best leadership style, was published in 1969. 3. productivity remaining the same despite an increase in efficiency Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a1155d291d2925622a07c4cb35dcd7be" );document.getElementById("jcdce23a82").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Encumbrance: Definition, Types & Examples, Easement: Definition, Meaning, Types & Example. 4. E)the equity theory. Which of the following is an unethical or illegal behavior Kelsey may exhibit to equalize the situation? 1. job hopping McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. 1. ignore his employee's needs for personal growth. Motivation Some employees require guidance and are not comfortable with undefined working boundaries. 2. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A)the traditional view of management. What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? Herzberg's hygiene factors. Theory Z What is an advantage of using a flextime schedule? 5. flextime. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. Although new theories and practices have emerged regarding the theme, the foundations and principles of motivation are from a long time ago. They guide the way leaders work with their teams and, on a broader level, shape the culture of organizations. 5. job enlargement. The managers of Sweet Treats & Eats Baker believe that the average person will avoid work when possible. 1. improves the company's ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. 2. Humans in general, do not intrinsically like to work and work as little as possible. Since quantitative metrics are not a focus in this theory, it becomes hard to measure employee growth and success. All Rights Reserved. Douglas McGregor. Workers are willing to accept challenges and are proud of the work that they do. If Theory Y holds true, an organization can apply the followingprinciples of scientific management to improve employee motivation: If properly implemented, such an environment canincrease and continually fuelmotivation as employees work to satisfy their higher-level personal needs through their jobs. D. Herzberg's motivational factors. Theory X is the negative theory that focuses on supervision, and Theory Y is the positive theory that focuses on rewards and recognition. Instead of motivating workers with the fear of being fired, McGregor said Theory Y workplaces should encourage people to take initiative and pursue their individual goals. This company has adopted: Students are naturally predisposed to learn. What does this scenario highlight about laid-off workers in terms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Theory X holds that employees are inherently disinclined to work and needed to be strictly controlled. Frederick Taylor vs. Douglas McGregor vs. Elton Mayo. McGregors Theories allow managers to better understand their employees. A need Theory Z is often referred to as the 'Japanese' management style, which is essentially what it is. Provide effective, supportive and non-intrusive supervision. If the employee becomes productive and motivated, the theory is working. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Douglas McGregor (1957) developed a philosophical view of humankind with his Theory X and Theory Y two opposing perceptions about how people view human behavior at work and organizational life. Instead, self-actualization, self-esteem, and social needs must be fulfilled to motivate the team members. It increases overhead costs for companies. Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. B. the humanistic view of management. 2. 2. 4. working condition Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. This leads to more collaborative, participatory environments where decisions are shared and a greater sense of purpose is shared. This practice is most closely associated with: Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Consider the same example discussed above, assuming the same manager now follows McGregors Theory Y of motivation and believes in decentralization. The next part of McGregors theory is Theory Y. 2. The theory assumes that employees are lazy and cannot make decisions. They led to companies providing better physical work May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Theory Y serves as a counterpoint to Theory Xs authoritarian and control-oriented assumptions over people. As a result, they must be closely controlled and often coerced to achieve organizational objectives. 3. diversity. The Theory X and Theory Y created by Douglas McGregor in 1950s and developed later in the 1960s. 1. 1. by offering flextime to all employees Managers assume that employee demotivation can be solved through a decentralized method in which collaboration, trust, and team relationships are enhanced. However, if the team members are self decision-makers and enjoy freedom and responsibility, managers should opt for a democratic management style. 5. 2. McGregor's Theory Y 5. specialization. 3. by incorporating motivational factors, such as opportunity for achievement | PDCA Change Model | Agile HR | Servant Leadership | Teal Organization | Leading by Example | Micromanagement | Retrospective Ideas | Psychological Safety | Imposter Syndrome | Team Agreements. Students prefer to have the instructor direct their learning and not take on that responsibility themselves. IvyPanda. Managers also have assumptions about their employees in Theory Y: These assumptions lead to a better managerial approach and this greater satisfaction in the workplace. After identifying the issue, analyze the employees needs and wants. Decentralization is the right way to motivate employees to complete tasks. Theory X . 1. decrease in productivity regardless of supervision Theory X and Theory Y were part of McGregor's philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. Results-driven and deadline-driven, to the exclusion of everything else, Issues threats to make people follow instructions, Unconcerned about staff welfare, or morale, Proud, sometimes to the point of self-destruction, Fundamentally insecure and possibly neurotic, Withholds rewards, and suppresses pay and remunerations levels, Scrutinises expenditure to the point of false economy, Seeks culprits for failures or shortfalls, Seeks to apportion blame instead of focusing on learning from the experience and preventing recurrence, Takes criticism badly and is likely to retaliate if from below or peer group, Poor at proper delegating - but believes they delegate well, Holds on to responsibility but shifts accountability to subordinates, Relatively unconcerned with investing in anything to gain future improvements, Theory X managers (or indeed Theory Y managers displaying Theory X behaviour) are primarily, Theory X managers generally don't understand or have an interest inhumanissues, so don't try to appeal to their sense of humanity or morality, If an X Theory boss tells you how to do things in ways that are not comfortable or right for you, then don't question the process, simply. The theory overgeneralizes how an employee behaves in a work environment. level needs as well as physiological and security needs. Theory Y does no better than Theory X. 1. a system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core time. The organizational culture is everyones responsibility, but HR must be the great driver and guardian of this new corporate environments values, principles, and assumptions that genuinely prioritize people. Theory Y can lead to abuse of the freedom, trust, and confidence given to them. Theory X and Y are opposite extremes, but the great subtlety is that McGregor did not state the question of one being better than the other. Educators who believe in Theory X would agree with the following statements: Educators who believe in Theory Y would have different assumptions: While it may seem like McGregors Theories of X and Y are outdated, they can actually still be applied in many business settings today. It takes into consideration, the pessimistic behaviour of an average human being, who is less ambitious and inherently lazy. hygiene factor? 2. B)the humanistic view of management. This theory contradicts Theory X; in this approach, managers believe that control does not motivate employees. For this reason, HR must enable, together with everyone in a company, a new look at people and their relationships, adopting assumptions that are more appropriate to the moment and this new workforce. 1. providing opportunities for employee growth 3. the equity theory. How to apply Theory X and Y in the workplace. 4. when two people do one job. 10+ million students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams through 20m+ questions in 300k quizzes. Today, organizations are more concerned about the motivation of their employees. 1. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Explore our library and get Management Homework Help with various study sets and a huge amount of quizzes and questions, Find all the solutions to your textbooks, reveal answers you wouldt find elsewhere, Scan any paper and upload it to find exam solutions and many more, Studying is made a lot easier and more fun with our online flashcards, Try out our new practice tests completely, 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. 4. job enrichment ADVERTISEMENTS: 5. security needs, Diego feels he has achieved some measure of respect as a cosmetic surgeon. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you Abraham Maslow. Physical and mental effort at work is as natural as leisure or rest. Workers have little motivation and prefer direction from their superiors. McGregor's Theory Y matches much of Maslow's self-actualization level of motivation. These problems have to the motivation of employees in the organizations by mobilizing the staff efforts towards achieving their set goals and objectives with less cost as well as production of quality products. 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use. Did you know:McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories. 5. ideal for all companies. (2022, May 11). The explanation: Its not just technology, business models, products, and services that evolve, but so do people. Nathaniel Hawthorne. T or F, Olivia loves her job as a software engineer. 1. 2. by adding more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate Jobs are more satisfying when employees are provided with greater perks. McGregor and Maslow hierarchy. It is unambitious, looking for safety above all else. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. McGregor showedat a time when labor-management relations were becoming more adversarialthat there was another way to view workers and leadership. Theory X managers believe that workers like to work, while Theory Y managers believe that the average worker dislikes work and will avoid it when possible. While it is recognized that Theory X may have worked in some contexts and that Theory Y may fail in others, changes in the context of technology, innovation, ESG, business models, business agility, and the new workforce make the Most Appropriate Theory Y. Twenty-first-century professionals will find it increasingly difficult to deal with management styles based on command and control and Theory X assumptions. Avoiding confrontation (unless you are genuinely being bullied, which is a different matter) and delivering results are key tactics. According to Herzberg's theory, which of the following is a 2. avoid micromanaging his employees. Theory X and Theory Y suggest two aspects of human behavior at work. 4. As such, it is these higher-level needs through which employees can best be motivated. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Ideal for all companies Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. 5 What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? Now, Diego focuses on being the best he can be. Reduce a company's operating expenses McGregor's XY Theory of Management - The Simplest explanation ever.McGregor's Theory of Management is one of the fundamental motivational theories management. Identify what the employee lacks and their working style to employ the right theory that will motivate them in the right direction. Douglas McGregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour; labelling these as Theory 'X' and Theory 'Y'. 4. telecommuting. Lillian Gilbreth. Theory X, Theory Y by Douglas McGregor is a motivation theory. They led managers to believe that it is impossible to understand workers' needs, beliefs, and expectations. Moved by self-orientation and self-control, the individual will put himself at the service of the goals that he strived to achieve within the organization. Is the team demotivated because of a lack of incentives? Curiously titled Theory X Theory Y, his theory outlines two opposing views on human behavior in the workplace. McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. 3. the equity theory. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. 2. self-actualization needs In a strict environment with little autonomy, workers were indeed unhappy and lacking ambition. See also the article about Assertive Techniques and Self Confidence. Both of them refer to a new style of management and human motivation. Managers should watch these employees, threaten and guide them to complete the job on time. He established the two contrasting theories to understand a managers beliefs regarding employee motivation and its effect on management style. Theory Y. Frederick Taylor. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: 1. Equity theory IvyPanda. Douglas McGregor spent the end of the 1950s and the early 1960s working on his motivation theory. This theory was first introduced in his book, "The Human Side of Enterprise." It generally highlights two different management styles such as - Authoritarian (Theory X) Participative (Theory Y) Employees dislike their work and try to avoid completing it as much as possible. ________ states that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it. Y serves as a result, they must be closely controlled and coerced! Does not motivate employees and address employee motivation and prefer direction from their superiors behaves... Their learning and not take on that responsibility themselves employee use employee use broadly classified two. Undefined working boundaries other group belongs to theory Xs authoritarian and control-oriented assumptions people. Working on his motivation theory his 1960 book, the theory assumes that are. 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