Memorials to Young include a bronze statue in front of the Abraham O. Smoot Administration Building, Brigham Young University; a marble statue in the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol, donated by the State of Utah in 1950;[162] and a statue atop the This is the Place Monument in Salt Lake City. [144], The degree of Young's involvement in the Mountain Meadows massacre, which took place in Washington County in 1857, is disputed. He married -- was sealed to, in Mormon parlance -- young (Clarissa Decker, 15) and old (Hannah Tapfield King, 65). Joseph had been a Reformed Methodist preacher and the two made a similar "preaching circuit" in eastern Canada. Following her death, he moved with his father to Tyrone, New York. The LDS Church's Doctrine and Covenants contains one section from Young that has been canonized as scripture, added in 1876. In 1844, after the assassination of Mormon leader Joseph Smith by an angry mob in Illinois, the Mormons choose Brigham Young as their new leader and follow him to a new promised land in Utah. I manage analytics and marketing performance metrics for internal projects and client work, in addition to managing the all of the software in . [186], The Scottish poet John Lyon, who was an intimate friend of Young, wrote Brigham the Bold in tribute to him after his death.[187][188]. During time as prophet and governor, Young encouraged each bishop to establish a grade school for his congregation, which would be supported by volunteer work and tithing payments. "[77], Among Young's first acts upon arriving in the valley were the naming of the city as "The City of the Great Salt Lake" and its organization into blocks of ten acres, each divided into eight equal-sized lots. More of the Story Brigham Young was born in Whitingham, Vermont, on June 1, 1801. The Beehive House and the Lion House remain as prominent Salt Lake City landmarks. Historians still debate the autonomy and precise roles of local Cedar City LDS Church officials in ordering the massacre and Young's concealing of evidence in its aftermath. A bronze marker was placed at the grave site June 10, 1938, by members of the Young Men and Young Women organizations, which he founded. Young was born shortly after his return. [93] These individuals later became known as the Runaway Officials of 1851. 57-70 She has been placed on indefinite suspension for her actions, which include punching another . [126] After settling in Utah in 1848, Young announced the ban,[126] which also forbade blacks from participating in Mormon temple rites such as the endowment or sealings. Brigham Young, ca 1850 Brigham Young was born June 1, 1801 in Whittingham, Vermont. Was brigham young stabbed by a son named Phineas? [16] In 1831, five missionaries of the Latter Day Saint movementEleazer Miller, Elial Strong, Alpheus Gifford, Enos Curtis, and Daniel Bowencame from the branch of the church in Columbia, Pennsylvania to preach in Mendon. A church conference held in Iowa sustained Young and his First Presidency on December 27, 1847. [10] They first resided in a small house adjacent to a pail factory, which was Young's main place of employment at the time. [54][55] In March 1844, Brigham Young was an inaugural member of the Council of Fifty, which later organized the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo. As the competing rail lines approach Utah from the east and west coasts, Young supplies Mormon laborers to both railroad companies and negotiates with the railways to have them make Salt Lake City their meeting point. "[128] Young was also a vocal opponent of theories of human polygenesis, being a firm voice for stating that all humans were the product of one creation. Reared in the famous Beehive House, Mrs. Spencer has carried with her through life the patient, loving influence of her parents. [179][180][181], At the time of Young's death, nineteen of his wives had predeceased him; he was divorced from ten, and twenty-three survived him. He also worked on the Kirtland Temple and went to a grammar school. Brigham Young University. Doyle's daughter stated: "You know father would be the first to admit that his first Sherlock Holmes novel was full of errors about the Mormons. Young, Brigham Born June 1, 1801 Whitingham, Vermont Died August 29, 1877 Salt Lake City, Utah Religious leader Mormon leader Brigham Young led his followers on a trek across the American plains to the Great Salt Lake Valley in present-day Utah. [90] Young also organized a board of regents to establish a university in the Salt Lake Valley. History of Brigham Young, entry dated Jan. 5, 1852, Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDS Church Archives (quoted in Ricks, A Peculiar Place, 114). There was even a petition created asking for Brigham Young . Brigham Young had six sisters and four brothers. Young informed Van Vliet that he was skeptical that the army's intentions were peaceful and that the Mormons intended to resist occupation. [23] In 1870, Young excommunicated some of the participants, including Haight and Lee, from the LDS Church. This is due to differences in what scholars have considered to be a "wife". 5 min read. [citation needed], In the 2011 musical The Book of Mormon, Young is portrayed as a tyrannical American regional warlord, cursed by God to have a clitoris for a nosea parable cautioning against female genital mutilation. They converted to the church, including his cousin Willard Richards. Brigham Young was also played by Terence Stamp in the 2007 film September Dawn. On September 8, 1857, Captain Stewart Van Vliet, of the US Army Quartermaster Corps, arrived in Salt Lake City. At its prime, the alphabet was used in two Deseret News articles, two elementary readers, and in a translation of the Book of Mormon. Young is the longest-serving president of the LDS Church to date, having served for 29 years. Which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch? The mint was closed in 1861 by Alfred Cumming, gubernatorial successor to Young. [66] Young led the church as president of the Quorum of the Twelve until December 5, 1847, when the quorum unanimously agreed to organize a new First Presidency with Young as president of the church. Brigham Young (/brm/; June 1, 1801 August 29, 1877)[3] was an American religious leader and politician. [101] Young viewed education as a process of learning how to make the Kingdom of God a reality on earth, and at the core of his "philosophy of education" was the belief that the church had within itself all that was necessary to save mankind materially, spiritually, and intellectually. Source: Jeffery Ogden Johnson, "Determining and Defining `Wife': The . The Utah Territory was created by Congress as part of the Compromise of 1850, and as colonizer and founder of Salt Lake City, Young was appointed the territory's first governor and superintendent of American Indian affairs by President Millard Fillmore on February 3, 1851. Open for public research. According to the record, Alma the Younger was "a very wicked and an idolatrous man. [18], Some time after Lee's meeting with Young, Jacob Hamblin said that he had heard a detailed description of the massacre and Mormon involvement from Lee and that Hamblin had reported it to Young and George A. Smith soon after the massacre. "[127] In 1863, Young stated: "Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? God has shown me that this is the spot to locate his people, and here is where they will prosper. Brigham Young clearly wasn't free of his ex-wife just yet. Seventeen children who were too young to remember the attack were spared. [8] Young reported having a strict Puritan-style Christian upbringing. [25] After his return to Kirtland, Young did carpentry, painting and glazing work to earn money. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. [38] When Joseph Smith arrived in Far West, he appointed Young, along with Thomas Marsh and David Patten, as "presidency pro tem" in Missouri. He also helped organize the local forensic and oratorical society. At Lee's sentencing, as required by Utah Territory statute, he was given the option of being hung, shot, or beheaded, and he chose to be shot. They were from Arkansas." Though he himself was hundreds of miles away, the literal hour struck for Brigham Young at Carthage Jail precisely at "5 o'clock, 16 minutes, and 26 seconds" on the afternoon of June 27, 1844. As she goes back in memory to the old home, she revives the scenes and varied events which filled her childhood days .more He founded Salt Lake City and served as the first governor of the Utah Territory. It is alarming to see how intensely and openly the family is under attack in contemporary society. He dedicated his talents to the LDS church throughout his life, and his ideas and leadership shaped the colonization of Utah and the Intermountain West. [106] The Young Women organization was first called the Retrenchment Association, and was intended to promote the turning of young girls away from the costly and extravagant ways of the world. Early Friday morning, they were attacked in the street and one missionary was stabbed in the neck," the statement reads. Bridger Walker and his sister. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? On many occasions, Young taught that blacks were denied the priesthood because they were "the seed of Cain. After the exterior was completed on December 10, 1845, members received their temple endowments day and night, and Young officiated many of these sessions. His sisters were: Nancy Young Kent Fanny Young Murray Rhoda Young Green Nabby Young (who died young) Susannah Young Little Louisa. He said his son's injuries were caused by an uncontrolled dog at the Crossroads Dog Park. [24] Lee was executed by firing squad at Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877. Joseph! Under his leadership, members in the United Kingdom began publishing Millennial Star, a hymnal, and a new edition of the Book of Mormon. [105], Within the church, Young reorganized the Relief Society for women in 1867, and created organizations for young women in 1869 and young men in 1875. It was only after the fact, and after the end of the Civil War, that Young slowly realized just how mistaken his hope in a sudden Millennium was: the perpetrators of the MMM were being sought by the Federal courts. Six Days in August: Brigham Young and the Succession Crisis of 1844 Ronald W. Walker Every Latter-day Saint knows the importance of the six days in August 1844 when Brigham Young and the Twelve Apostles were sustained at Nauvoo as Joseph Smith's successors. On. Never a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Lucy and Young had seven children together. "[13], Historians debate whether the Haight letter absolves Young of any complicity. [165][166] However, two weeks later Young declared himself a "firm believer in slavery". Young did not immediately accept the divine claims of the Book of Mormon. Young supported her and her two children while they lived in their own home in Nauvoo. It was only after the fact, and after the end of the Civil War, that Young slowly realized just how mistaken his hope in a sudden Millennium was: the perpetrators of the MMM were being sought by the Federal courts. When Amelia became part of the Young family in January 1863, she did not immediately move in with her sister-wives. One of the homes that Young helped paint in Auburn belonged to Elijah Miller and later to William Seward, and is now a local museum. "[70][71] The indictment of Young and other leaders, combined with rumors that troops would prevent the Mormons from leaving led Young to start their exodus in February 1846. [170] Young also predicted a future in which Chinese and Japanese people would immigrate to America. Acknowledged to be one of America's great colonizers, Brigham Young was also governor of Utah Territory from 1850 to 1858, superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1851 to 1858, a founder of about 350 communities in the far west, and founder of several score business enterprises. [140], Shortly after the arrival of Young's pioneers, the new Latter-day Saint colonies were incorporated into the United States through the Mexican Cession. He was replaced as governor the following year by Alfred Cumming. After marrying Abigail, John Young settled in Massachusetts. "[104] The school broke off from the University of Deseret and became Brigham Young Academy in 1876 under the leadership of Karl G. Maeser,[104] and was the precursor to Brigham Young University. During the 1870s Lee,[22] Dame, Philip Klingensmith, Ellott Willden, and George Adair, Jr. were indicted and arrested; warrants were obtained to pursue the arrests of four others (Haight, John Higbee, William C. Stewart, and Samuel Jukes) who had successfully gone into hiding. The Constitution of Deseret is silent upon this, we meant it should be so. [15] Sometime in 1830, Young was introduced to the Book of Mormon by way of a copy that his brother, Phineas Howe, had obtained from Samuel H. Smith. [146] Young's letter reportedly arrived on September 13, 1857, two days after the massacre. Matthew Easton, a 24-year-old political science major, told an audience of thousands, "I'm not broken." There he showed a talent for organizing the church's work and maintaining good relationships with Joseph Smith and the other apostles. "[176] By the time of his death, Young had fifty-seven children by sixteen of his wives; forty-six of his children reached adulthood. No stranger to controversy in his lifetime, early Latter-day Saint leader Brigham Young is generating a little more mystery and contention these days from his graveyard. Researchers compared young heart attack victims (<50 years vs. 40) using patient angiograms, a procedure that uses X-rays to see the heart's blood vessels and arteries. This colored race have been subjected to severe curses which they have brought upon themselves. The knowledge of how George A. Smith felt towards the emigrants, and his telling me that he had a long talk with Haight on the subject, made me certain that it was the wish of the Church authorities, that Fancher and his train should be wiped out, and knowing all this, I did not doubt then, and I do not doubt it now, either, that Haight was acting by full authority from the Church leaders, and that the orders he gave to me were just the orders that he had been directed to give, when he ordered me to raise the Indians and have them attack the emigrants.[27]. The Compromise of 1850 instead carved out Utah Territory and Young was appointed governor. Alan Willson ran from his home in Worthing, West Sussex, after his son called him to say he was being attacked. [8] This letter has yet to be found,[9] but accounts say that it asked Young what, if anything, should be done with the BakerFancher party camped at nearby Mountain Meadows. Brooks has argued the massacre was an overreaction by Mormon militia forces which resulted in the death of settlers and the tarnishing of the Church's reputation. Provo, Utah CNN . He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. "Territorial Dispatches: the Sentence of Lee", Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows massacre, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Mountain Meadows massacre and Mormon theology, "Brigham Young, 2nd President of the Church", "Deposition of Brigham Young Regarding the Mountain Meadows Massacre July 30, 1875", Tragedy at Mountain Meadows Massacre: Toward a Consensus Account and Time Line, Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows, "Loose in the stacks, a half-century with the Utah War and its legacy", "The Mountain Meadows Massacre: An Analytical Narrative Based on Participant Confessions", "Visit of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs to Southern Utah", "Horrible Massacre of Arkansas and Missouri Emigrants", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young_and_the_Mountain_Meadows_Massacre&oldid=1124726578, Books about presidents of the church (LDS Church), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 November 2022, at 05:21. [35][27] In August 1837, Young went on another mission to the eastern states. Latter-day Saints imagine Brigham Young as a commanding theocrat, who mobilized a crestfallen and beleaguered people after the death of their prophet-founder, who led them on an epic exodus. Ann Eliza Young was part of a larger anti-polygamy movement. [167][168][169] There is also evidence to suggest Young believed in the racial superiority of white men. [33] He oversaw the finishing of the Kirtland temple and spoke in tongues at its dedication in 1836. Brigham Young: Directed by Henry Hathaway. But over time, Young's perspective shifted. Carter. These many attempts were frustrated, largely because of polygamy. Sidney Rigdon, the senior surviving member of the church's First Presidency, argued there could be no successor to the deceased prophet and that he should stay Joseph's "spokesman" and become guardian of the church. [10] After delivering the letter to Young, Haslam was told to rest for a few hours then return to pick up the reply. Robert Walker. For the decade prior the emigrants' arrival, Utah Territory had existed essentially as a theocracy led by Brigham Young. Brigham Young University student Matt Easton came out as gay during his convocation speech on April 26, 2019. A CONFESSION etched on a newly discovered lead sheet has shaken the Mormon Church by linking its revered leader, Brigham Young, with one of the worst massacres in American history. [5] Young received little formal education, but his mother taught him how to read and write. "In regard to emigrating trains arriving and passing through our settlements," he wrote in a letter designed to restore calm in Southern Utah, "We must not interfere with them." With Tyrone Power, Linda Darnell, Dean Jagger, Brian Donlevy. Van Vliet's mission was to inform Young that the US troops then approaching Utah did not intend to attack the Mormons, but intended to establish an army base near Salt Lake City and to request Young's cooperation in procuring supplies for the army. The sheer variety of Brigham Young's marriages makes it difficult to make sense of them. This blog does not store any files on its server. Oct 2019 - Apr 20211 year 7 months. During his time as church president, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, west from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Salt Lake Valley. The Love and Laws of God By President Russell M. Nelson ,, An address given at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, on September 17, 2019. There are no other trains going south that I know of[.] [69] Some Mormons counterfeited American and Mexican money, and a grand jury indicted Young and other church leaders in 1845. With the onset of the Panic of 1819, Jeffries dismissed Young from his apprenticeship and Young moved to Port Byron, which was then called Bucksville. Of these, 20 percent were 40 or younger. Klingensmith escaped prosecution by agreeing to testify against the others. Later, after taking up the mantle of Mormon leader following Smith's death from dysentery, Young is among those visited by Jesus and told to have as much sex as they possibly can, to ensure the propagation of the Mormon faith.[194]. After meeting Joseph Smith, Young joined the Church of Christ in April 9, 1832. [I]f those who are there will leave let them go in peace. She, her husband Nate and their now 2-month-old son Luke fled their home in East Palestine the night of the train derailment to her mother's house about 14 to 15 miles away. The day will come when the seed of Canaan will be redeemed and have all the blessings their brethren enjoy. [46] Eight of Young's plural marriages in Nauvoo were to Joseph Smith's widows. Young claimed access to revelation to know God's choice of successor because of his position as an apostle. Young's six-year-old daughter Mary Ann died while he was on this mission. Historians have come to different conclusions on whether contemporary records support this "transfiguration of Brigham Young" (also sometimes called the "mantle phenomenon") as an authentic experience, whatever its causation. The young woman to become his wife was Sarah Hillhouse Alexander, daughter of Adam Leopold Alex ander, of Washington, Georgia and of Sarah Hillhouse Gilbert, his wife. With its claim to show the true inner workings of one of the biggest and most famous polygamous households of all, "Wife No. [150] On September 2, 1877, Young's funeral was held in the Tabernacle with an estimated 12,000 to 15,000 people in attendance. [1][2] Evidence as to whether or not Young ordered the attack on the migrant column is conflicted. Only children under the age of seven, who were cared for by local Mormon families, survived, and the murdered members of the wagon train were left unburied. Brigham Young was probably the most oft-married man in 19th-century America. [83][84] Young and his counselors were again sustained unanimously by church members at a church conference in Salt Lake City in September 1850.[85]. By 1870, it had all but disappeared from use.[108]. Within months, Harris and the others departed their Utah appointments without replacements being named, and their posts remained unfilled for the next two years. On Sept. 11, 1857, a group of California-bound pioneers camping in southern Utah were murdered by a Mormon militia and its Indian allies. Ogden Johnson, & quot ; Determining and Defining ` wife & # x27 ; t free his... 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