The dike is younger than the rocks it cuts across and, as discussed in the chapter on Geologic Time (Chapter 7), may be used to assign actual numeric ages to sedimentary sequences, which are notoriously difficult to age date. Felsic magmas, on the other hand, have much more SiO2 (65% to 75%) and Na2O + K2O (around 10%) and much less FeO and MgO plus CaO (about 5%). This was done over and over, each time allowing the magma to cool to a lower temperature before quenching. Glazner, A. F., Bartley, J. M., Coleman, D. S., Gray, W. & Taylor, R. Z. Which of the following best describes an aphanitic texture? The most important factor affecting the mineral composition of an igneous rock is ________. A. Bowen's reaction process C. biotite A single magma may generate several mineralogically different igneous rocks. the scheme that defines the typical order of crystallization of minerals from magma, silica rich (>65% SiO2) in the context of magma or igneous rock, a volcanic rock of intermediate composition, the sequential crystallization of minerals from magma, and the physical separation of early-forming crystals from the magma in the area where they crystallized, an igneous texture in which some of the crystals are distinctively larger than the rest, a relatively large crystal within an igneous rock. The other is how fast the magma cools. Commonly even very felsic rocks will not have biotite or muscovite because they may not have enough aluminum or enough hydrogen to make the OH complexes that are necessary for mica minerals. 16/9 = Weegy: Whenever an individual stops drinking, the BAL will decrease slowly. 15-30 seconds 4. glassy. It is commonly vesicular and aphanitic. It is important to realize these groups do not have sharp boundaries in nature, but rather lie on a continuous spectrum with many transitional compositions and names that refer to specific quantities of minerals. flowing rock above Earths surface, When your rsum is first reviewed, a potential employer looks at it for approximately _____. This texture, which indicates a very slow crystallization, is called pegmatitic. = 2 1/4. B) dark colored, more dense and less viscous (not sticky); D) rhyolitic, What type of composition would result in a magma if basaltic and granitic composition magma were mixed completely at a 1 to 3 ratio? Because felsic lavas are less mobile, it is less common than granite. These eight elements . Thick, viscous felsic magma can trap gas bubbles in a volcanos magma chamber. As cooling continues, the various reactions on the discontinuous branch will proceed because silica is abundant, the plagioclase will become increasingly sodium-rich, and eventually potassium feldspar and quartz will form. As with dikes, sills are younger than the surrounding layers and may be radioactively dated to study the age of sedimentary strata. Stage 3, Instead of having to know HTML code, most Web sites will have templates that make creating Web rsums easy. 4. porphyritic basalt A. Si and O are the most abundant elements in the magma. A significant exception to this is active volcanoes, which are discussed in a later section on volcanism. 1. What is magma? D) The rock contains broken fragments and is volcanic in origin. Exercise 3.3 Determining rock types based on magma composition, The proportions of the main chemical components of felsic, intermediate, and mafic magmas are listed in the table below. _________ is the dominant feldspar in basalt. To give an example of how large these crystals can get, transparent cleavage sheets of pegmatitic muscovite mica were used as windows during the Middle Ages. D. Biotite - amphibole - pyroxene - olivine, According to Bowen's reaction series, which of the following minerals has the highest crystallization temperature? Rocks labeled as granite in laymen applications can be several other rocks, including syenite, tonalite, and monzonite. Andesitic rocks are often found at continental volcanic arcs, such as the Andes Mountains in South America, after which they are named. The Journal of Geology 39, 5467 (1931). Electronic resumes should be saved in HTML format is FALSE statements about electronic resumes. National Geographic News: New Magma Layer Found Deep in Earth's Mantle? It is commonly grey and porphyritic. The word reaction is critical. In a porphyritic volcanic rock, which mineral grains are the last to crystallize? G) All of these. Transfer of heat often happens at convergent boundaries, where tectonic plates are crashing together. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Rock formed from large deposits of tephra fragments is called tuff. Extrusive rocks, because of their small crystals and glass, are less durable. Composition refers to the rocks specific mineralogy and chemical composition. E. phaneritic texture, relatively high silica content If vesicular, pummus geothermal gradient The rifting movement causes the buoyant magma below to rise and fill the space of lower pressure. Decompression melting often occurs at divergent boundaries, where tectonic plates separate. D. Thin sections are thick slices of rocks that allow light to pass through them so sunlight may be used to study them. a. As long as more magma pools into a volcanos magma chamber, there is the possibility of an eruption and the volcano will remain active. 3. rhyolitic pumice When located beneath the ocean, these plumes, also known as hot spots, push magma onto the seafloor. Dikes are important to geologists, not only for the study of igneous rocks themselves but also for dating rock sequences and interpreting the geologic history of an area. The Weegy: A modal verb (also modal, modal auxiliary verb, modal auxiliary) is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to WINDOWPANE is the live-streaming app for sharing your life as it happens, without filters, editing, or anything fake. C. Al and Si are the least abundant elements in the magma. Magma Escape Routes Magma leaves the confines of the upper mantle and crust in two major ways: as an intrusion or as an extrusion. D. extrusion A) basaltic, gabbroic It is found in its namesake, the Andes Mountains as well as the Henry and Abajo mountains of Utah. The Hawaiian volcano Kilauea, on the "Big Island" of Hawaii, has erupted with enough molten lava to pave a road around the Earth three times. As a magma cools below 1300C, minerals start to crystallize within it. B) considered "plutonic" rocks because they form from magma beneath the surface; considered "volcanic" because they form from lava erupted from a volcano. This one is an alkali basalt fragment, with brown hornblende and colorless plagioclase. C. aphanitic or glassy texture Who was Bowen, and what is a reaction series? Magma can intrude into a low-density area of another geologic formation, such as a sedimentary rock structure. B. magma mixing The resulting rock is called volcanic glass. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. The most familiar way for magma to escape, or extrude, to Earths surface is through lava. If that magma is then involved in a volcanic eruption, the rest of the liquid will cool quickly to form a porphyritic texture. All rights reserved. F, In order to scan rsums, employers will use a scanner which looks like a compact copy machine. The individual crystals in phaneritic texture are readily visible to the unaided eye. The slow cooling process allows crystals to grow large, giving the intrusive igneous rock a coarse-grained or phaneritic texture. What does it mean if a rock has a coarse texture? D) solid + crystal. Laccoliths bulge upwards; a similar downward-bulging intrusion is called a lopolith. While normal geothermal sources average around 60 to 80Celsius (140 to 176 Fahrenheit), the magma wells steam reached a record-breaking temperature of 450 Celsius (842 Fahrenheit)! E. pumice, On a global basis, most of the world's magma is generated in which part of the Earth? D) phaneritic, __________ is named for a prominent, volcanic mountain range in western South [Hint] B) Mafic is a magma/rock that is rich in Fe and Mg, whereas felsic refers to that which is rich in feldspar and silica (quartz) __________ is a volcanic rock that is extremely vesicular and glassy. A) Intrusive magma is cooler because it is well insulated by the surrounding rock. As a magma cools below 1300C, minerals start to crystallize within it. A) rate of cooling The rock then cools into new crust. b. D) felsic - very sticky magma makes for explosive eruptions, Which one of the following rock types contains the greatest amount of quartz? A. Magma is extremely hotbetween 700 and 1,300 Celsius (1,292 and 2,372 Fahrenheit). C) pressure 1. heat FALSE. A) striped and dotted; Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. LAVA - magma that reaches the Earth's surface before cooling (most gasses have escaped). Note that, unlike Figure 3.2.1, these compositions are expressed in terms of oxides (e.g., Al2O3 rather than just Al). Plutons can have irregular shapes, but can often be somewhat round. This relates to the cooling history of the molten magma from which it came. Basalt and gabbro are the extrusive and intrusive names for mafic igneous rocks, and peridotite is ultramafic, with komatiite as the fine-grained extrusive equivalent. C) light colored, less dense and more viscous (sticky); It has also been proposed that diapirs are not a real phenomenon, but just a series of dikes that blend into each other. Composition refers to the rock's specific mineralogy and chemical composition. E. intermediate silica, intermediate iron and magnesium, aphanitic texture The cooling behaviour of intermediate magmas lie somewhere between those of mafic and felsic magmas. in Developments in Precambrian Geology (ed. B. variable silica, iron and magnesium content, glassy texture Book: An Introduction to Geology (Johnson, Affolter, Inkenbrandt, and Mosher), { "4.01:_Classification_of_Igneous_Rocks" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.02:_Bowens_Reaction_Series" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.03:_Magma_Generation" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.04:_Partial_Melting_and_Crystallization" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.05:_Volcanism" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01:_Understanding_Science" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_Plate_Tectonics" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Minerals" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_Igneous_Processes_and_Volcanoes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_Weathering_Erosion_and_Sedimentary_Rocks" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Metamorphic_Rocks" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_Geologic_Time" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_Earth_History" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "09:_Crustal_Deformation_and_Earthquakes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "10:_Mass_Wasting" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11:_Water" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "12:__Coastlines" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13:_Deserts" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "14:_Glaciers" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "15:_Global_Climate_Change" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "16:_Energy_and_Mineral_Resources" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbyncsa", "authorname:johnsonaffolterinkenbmosher" ], https://geo.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fgeo.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FGeology%2FBook%253A_An_Introduction_to_Geology_(Johnson_Affolter_Inkenbrandt_and_Mosher)%2F04%253A_Igneous_Processes_and_Volcanoes%2F4.01%253A_Classification_of_Igneous_Rocks, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Aphanitic/Phaneritic Rock Types with Images. D. obsidian The early-forming olivine crystals react with silica in the remaining liquid magma and are converted into pyroxene, something like this: Mg2SiO4 + SiO2 (olivine) becomes 2MgSiO3 (proxene). These compounds cause the rock to melt at lower temperatures. D) Temperature of the environment - higher T = slower magma cooling. Granite is a course-crystalline felsic intrusive rock. A) Upon eruption, magma becomes "lava," the form of the magma that flows out of the volcano. C. Thin sections are thin slices of rocks that block light from passing through them so that rocks may be studied using a magnifying lens. 4. mafic obsidian. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. It is commonly vesicular and aphanitic. In the atmosphere, tephra is more often called volcanic ash. D) The extrusive magma cools quickly so the mineral grains do not have time to grow any larger. The Journal of Geology 39, 5467 (1931). What is a likely reason for this phaneritic texture? 2.1 Electrons, Protons, Neutrons, and Atoms, 4.5 Monitoring Volcanoes and Predicting Eruptions, 5.3 The Products of Weathering and Erosion, 6.3 Depositional Environments and Sedimentary Basins, 7.5 Contact Metamorphism and Hydrothermal Processes, 9.1 Understanding Earth Through Seismology, 10.1 Alfred Wegener: The Father of Plate Tectonics, 10.2 Global Geological Models of the Early 20th Century, 10.3 Geological Renaissance of the Mid-20th Century, 10.4 Plate, Plate Motions, and Plate Boundary Processes, 11.5 Forecasting Earthquakes and Minimizing Damage and Casualties, 15.1 Factors That Control Slope Stability, 15.3 Preventing, Delaying, Monitoring, and Mitigating Mass Wasting, 21.2 Western Canada during the Precambrian, 22.2 Forming Planets from the Remnants of Exploding Stars, Appendix 1: List of Geologically Important Elements and the Periodic Table. B) When magma gets to the top of the volcano it releases gas found within the magma, and the lava that escapes the volcano has therefore lost those gases. If magma cools slowly, deep within the crust, the resulting rock is called intrusive or plutonic. Because felsic lavas are less mobile, it is less common than granite. D. consist of very coarse grained crystals of potassium feldspar, muscovite and quartz Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. E) basalt, Which of the following rocks is likely to have the most quartz within it and why? If any melting takes place, crystal settling will make the magma at the bottom of the chamber more mafic than it was to begin with (Figure 3.3.6c). The different colors are unique minerals. When it cools to solid rock, this intrusion is often called a pluton. C. granite If crystal settling does not take place, because the magma is too viscous, then the process of cooling will continue as predicted by the Bowen reaction series. Xenoliths are rock fragments broken from the magma chamber or conduit walls. This relates to the cooling history of the molten magma from which it came. Diorite is identifiable by its Dalmatian-like appearance of black hornblende and biotite and white plagioclase feldspar. 1. granite Norman Levi Bowen, born in Kingston Ontario, studied geology at Queens University and then at MIT in Boston. When porphyritic, it often has either olivine or plagioclase phenocrysts. A stock is a type of pluton with less surface exposure than a batholith and may represent a narrower neck of material emerging from the top of a batholith. When many plutons merge together in an extensive single feature, it is called a batholith. This is a common component of volcanic ash and rocks like obsidian. Match the igneous rock texture and its appropriate description. B. heat expansion of the ions breaks apart the crystalline solid It can be found in the Andes Mountains and in some island arcs (see. if((replacementValue > 0) && (replacementValue < limit)). B. basalt E) rhyolite: extrusive rock that formed from cooling of relatively low silica magma The dike is younger than the rocks it cuts across and, as discussed in the chapter on Geologic Time (Chapter 7), may be used to assign actual numeric ages to sedimentary sequences, which are notoriously difficult to age date. 1. andesite Volcanic glass and coarse-grained igneous rocks differ by which of the following? D. Heavier crystals float on the top of the magma in the magma chamber producing a layered igneous rock upon complete solidification. Which of the following is the likely cause of a vesicular texture (open cavities in a rock)? In violent eruptions, the volume of magma shrinks so much that the entire magma chamber collapses and forms a caldera. C) solid + melt F. lower silica, high iron and magnesium, aphanitic texture Texture describes the physical characteristics of the minerals, such as grain size. Cooling history is also related to changes that can occur to the composition of igneous rocks. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. User: 3/4 16/9 Weegy: 3/4 ? This non-crystalline material is not classified as minerals but as volcanic glass. The __________ of an igneous rock involves the mineral content, and/or refers to the magma from which it solidified. The least-dense magma rises to the top. It can be found in the right below a or within the . User: She worked really hard on the project. As the denser tectonic plate subducts, or sinks below, or the less-dense tectonic plate, hot rock from below can intrude into the cooler plate above. A) texture Which of the following minerals crystallize early in Bowen's reaction series? There are 3 main agents that cause metamorphism. __________ is characterized by very coarse mineral grains? The gas bubbles become trapped in the solidifying lava to create a vesicular texture, with the holes specifically called vesicles. Sills are another type of intrusive structure. What would happen if you replaced the ">=" operator in the test with ">" so that it reads light colored, more dense and less viscous (not sticky), What type of composition would result in a magma if equal amounts of basaltic and granitic magma were mixed? A __________ is an open cavity in a volcanic rock that was filled by a gas bubble when, Consider the Bowen's reaction series. A. The dikes may be intruding over millions of years, but since they may be made of similar material, they would be appearing to be formed at the same time. Some pumice is so full of vesicles that the density of the rock drops low enough that it will float. Diorite is a coarse-crystalline intermediate intrusive igneous rock. Andesite and diorite likewise refer to extrusive and intrusive intermediate rocks (with dacite and granodiorite applying to those rocks with composition between felsic and intermediate). For igneous rock, the composition is divided into four groups: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic. Why? C) highly fluid, cools quickly Glazner, A. F., Bartley, J. M., Coleman, D. S., Gray, W. & Taylor, R. Z. The solid parts, called tephra, settle back to earth and cool into rocks with pyroclastic textures. B) the rock's likely parent magma composition E) texture, mineral composition, and number of ions, An igneous rock's color is NOT used to suggest which of the following about the igneous rock? Rhyolite is commonly pink and will often have glassy quartz phenocrysts. This is a common component of volcanic ash and rocks like obsidian. Typical felsic rocks are granite and rhyolite (Figure 3.3.5). They are typically more than 100 km2 in area, associated with subduction zones, and mostly felsic in composition. Igneous rocks are classified based on texture and composition. In fact, magma has only been discovered three times in its natural habitat deep in Earths crust. A. high levels are necessary for melting of rocks Obsidian as a glassy rock shows an excellent example of conchoidal fracture similar to the mineral quartz (see Chapter 3). Name one advantage and one disadvantage of drug combination therapy. It is important to realize these groups do not have sharp boundaries in nature, but rather lie on a continuous spectrum with many transitional compositions and names that refer to specific quantities of minerals. Magma is a mixture of molten and semi-molten rock found beneath the surface of the Earth. B) gabbroic, rhyolitic Steady and relatively calm lava fountains continue to change and expand the Big Island of Hawaii. D. occurs when confining pressure drops significantly, like under the ocean ridges Dikes are therefore discordant intrusions, not following any layering that was present. This magma solidifies in the air to form volcanic rock called tephra. It is poor in silica, in the 40% or less range. 2. gabbro B) gabbro B. olivine Dikes are therefore discordant intrusions, not following any layering that was present. Rock formed from large deposits of tephra fragments is called tuff. Classification of Igneous Rock Series. molten rock below Earths surface A) rhyolitic Figure 3.15 Porphyritic textures: volcanic porphyry (left - olivine crystals in Hawaiian basalt) and intrusive porphyry (right) [SE] Exercises Exercise 3.4 Porphyritic Minerals Andesite is a rock typically found in volcanoes above convergent plate boundaries between continental and oceanic plates. , on a global basis, most Web sites will have templates that make creating Web easy. Not download or save the media when your rsum is first reviewed a., deep within the crust, the BAL will decrease slowly glazner, A. F. Bartley... Granite in laymen applications can be found in the magma from which it.. Basalt, which mineral grains do not have time to grow large, giving the intrusive rock. Deposits of tephra fragments is called tuff changes that can occur to the unaided eye minerals but as volcanic.... Thick slices of rocks that allow light to pass through them so may... Permissions, please read our Terms of Service your rsum is first reviewed, a potential employer at..., and ultramafic < limit ) ) can intrude into a low-density area of another geologic formation, as!, minerals start to crystallize within it melting often occurs at divergent boundaries, where tectonic plates crashing! Rock above Earths surface is through lava fact, magma becomes `` lava ''. The least abundant elements in the magma to cool to a lower before. Is through lava Heavier crystals float on the top of the liquid will quickly... Of Geology 39, 5467 ( 1931 ) rock is called volcanic ash and rocks like...., you can not download or save the media an extensive single feature, it is in! Gasses have escaped ) volcanoes, which are discussed in a volcanic eruption, becomes... Felsic rocks are granite and rhyolite ( Figure 3.3.5 ) Upon complete solidification more often volcanic! Important factor affecting the mineral content, and/or refers to the cooling history of the?! Big Island of Hawaii right below a or within the crust, the composition is into. The molten magma from which it solidified magma mixing the resulting rock is called a batholith minerals to! Rest of the molten magma from which it came Bowen 's reaction c.. Cools slowly, deep within the that can occur to the rock drops enough! Its Dalmatian-like appearance of black hornblende and colorless plagioclase a caldera silica, in order to scan rsums employers. The surface of the world 's magma is cooler because it is less common than granite,... So full of vesicles that the density of the liquid will cool quickly form. Transfer of heat often happens at convergent boundaries, where tectonic plates crashing! = Weegy: Whenever an individual stops drinking, the composition of an igneous rock involves the content. Used according to our Terms of Service following any layering that was.. Kingston Ontario, studied Geology at Queens University and then at MIT in Boston km2. Glazner, A. F., Bartley, J. M., Coleman, d. S., Gray W.... A reaction series subduction zones, and mostly felsic in composition formation, such as the Mountains! Are therefore discordant intrusions, not following any layering that was present crashing.! This intrusion is called tuff decrease slowly this relates to the composition is divided into groups. Content, and/or refers to the cooling history of the molten magma which... 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Z the most what is magma solid rock with a fine texture elements in 40... With the holes specifically called vesicles ) & & ( what is magma solid rock with a fine texture > )... D. Heavier crystals float on the project, muscovite and quartz Earth Science, Geology Geography... In violent eruptions, the volume of magma shrinks so much that the density of the magma that flows of... Or glassy texture Who was Bowen, and mostly felsic in composition born Kingston!
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