Discovery Company. In his journal, Byrd apparently informs readers of having entered into the hollow interior of the earth, along with others and having traveled 1700 miles over mountains, lakes, waterways, green vegetation, and animal life. "The findings highlight the need for detailed observations of Antarctic glaciers' undersides in calculating how fast global sea levels will rise in response to climate change," NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory said. You cant go anywhere without getting your car broken into, said Munn, When is it going to stop? Unlike in Greenland, where meltwater flows from the ice surface through crevasses and holes called moulins, Antarctica's lakes form from beneath the ice, probably as a result of pressure, friction and perhaps geothermal heat. Im now at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. The unexpected discovery of a hole in the atmospheric ozone layer over the Antarctic revolutionized science and helped to establish one of the most successful global environmental policies of the twentieth century. We were able, in a very short time, to put together a lot of pieces and to draw a much clearer picture of how this part of the Earths system works and what might affect it and what might not affect it. A ski-mounted Twin Otter aircraft ferried them 220 miles from the nearest base, landing near the middle of the Ross Ice Shelfthe massive slab of ice and snow, as flat and empty as a prairie, that hangs off the coastline of West Antarctica and floats on the ocean. Why wetlands are so critical for life on Earth, Rest in compost? In 1925 there was a singular man on a mission to explore desolate lands rarely seen by humans to that time Admiral Richard Byrd. The growing cavity sits in West Antarctica at the bottom of Thwaites Glacier, which is about as big as Florida and contains enough ice to contribute more than 2 feet to sea level rise, NASA said. By 1984, the stratospheric ozone layer over Halley in October was only about two-thirds as thick as that seen in earlier decades a phenomenon that became known as the Antarctic ozone hole. The hole was, in a word, enormous, and it prompted a raft of speculation as to what could have caused it. But the events in 2016 and 2017 forced us to reevaluate that, said lead author Ethan Campbell, a UW doctoral student in oceanography. Thompson, D. W. J. et al. Ravishankara, A. R. & Hanson, D. R. J. Geophys. According to some, Bryd had actually found an additional world in the Hollow Earth, though his journal was mysteriously removed by the government. They got stuff to live for, you know what Im saying? Solomon, S., Garcia, R. R., Rowland, F. S. & Wuebbles, D. J. NASA warns of 3 skyscraper-sized asteroids headed toward Earth this week. I was with NASA for 35 years, and I had just come off of a stint as a low-level manager and was just getting back into doing some real science, and we had people who had been taking satellite data of ozone. As the lakes drain and fill, the ice above rises and falls, offering hints as to what's happening below. The last time I was at Rothera, we couldnt do that because the ice level had dropped so much that the water just spilled out into the sea and Ive seen the glaciers retreating, slowly, admittedly, but I can see that theyre going back and yes, change is very obvious along the Antarctic Peninsula. They then lowered cameras and other instruments through the holes, into the waters below. These hidden gems of frigid water are part of a vast network of ever-changing lakes hidden beneath 1.2 to 2.5 miles (2 to 4 kilometers) of ice on the southernmost continent. In 1985, Joe Farman, Brian Gardiner and Jonathan Shanklin reported1 unanticipated and large decreases in stratospheric ozone levels over the Antarctic stations of Halley and Faraday. Those studies provided only brief glimpses of how deep, warm water circulates under the ice shelf, covering a few hours or days. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. And that could provide another chance to investigate when this area was free of ice in the past, says Scherer: Im very interested to see what the Kiwis find., Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. ISSN 1476-4687 (online) Tolbert, M. A., Rossi, M. J., Malhotra, R. & Golden, D. M. Science 238, 12581260 (1987). Your effort and contribution in providing this feedback is much There it is. Curators are realizing that returning looted artifacts isnt closing museumsits opening new doors. 10, 94519472 (2010). You have to remember that the ozone hole story was sort of simple and straightforward, and that CFCs had not been part of our economy for that long and they were not the same as carbon dioxide which is coming from our basic energy generation, so that the regulations that limited the CFCs could be handled by the economy quite easily. "ICESat-2 is like putting on your glasses after using ICESat: The data are such high precision that we can really start to map out the lake boundaries on the surface," Siegfried said. You could fly one of our LC130 into this thing. Like I said, its pilots. If they live out of town but will be flying out of the Memphis hub, they stay overnight in a crash pad, a cheap place to rent close to the airport. Interestingly, the said moment of the historic exploration was caught on camera thanks to a researcher who lowered his camera down an 83 meter hole in the continent. The ozone hole story clearly shows that if we have the will to do things, we can succeed. Welcome to the Hollow Earth Research Society, Admiral Richard Byrd andthe Hollow Earth. Watch: Scientists from New Zealand peer beneath the ice. But once it does, we have the knowledge and the technology to do something about it. The biggest known polynyas at that location were in 1974, 1975 and 1976, just after the first satellites were launched, when an area the size of New Zealand remained ice-free through three consecutive Antarctic winters despite air temperatures far below freezing. Heres why each season begins twice. It was very clear when we first looked at the data that weve got an ozone decline and I think thats probably the term we used a decline in ozone above the Antarctic and it wasnt really until you got the satellite images that you could see oh, theres a hole there. 21, 11911194 (1994). This water system was largely invisible until the advent of NASA's ICESat mission in 2003. These are the first observations to prove that even a smaller polynya like the one in 2016 moves water from the surface all the way to the deep ocean. So, I eventually worked up all the missing years and was able to show it was systematic and if youve got something systematic, there has to be something real going on. Atmos. 2019 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. The winter ice on the Also, it was common knowledge that planes were forbidden to fly directly above the north pole. Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. World Meteorological Organization. So, while there are lessons, I think with carbon dioxide we are dealing with a much more difficult problem that goes way beyond the parameters that were involved in the ozone hole. Research Scientist - Chemistry Research & Innovation, POST-DOC POSITIONS IN THE FIELD OF Automated Miniaturized Chemistry supervised by Prof. Alexander Dmling, Ph.D. POSITIONS IN THE FIELD OF Automated miniaturized chemistry supervised by Prof. Alexander Dmling, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute opens A SENIOR RESEARCHER POSITION IN THE FIELD OF Automated miniaturized chemistry supervised by Prof. Alexander Dmling. Google Scholar. The finding waspublished Mondayin Frontiers in Marine Science. In September 2018, NASA launched a new satellite, ICESat-2, which collects the highest-precision data yet. FedEx employs more than 5,500 of the worlds most experienced pilots. Nature, international weekly journal of science. But the question of how these animals get food will have to wait until another scientific expedition can visit the spot, perhaps equipped with a remotely operated underwater vehicle that can recover samples of the animals. But he believes it could also have collapsed as recently as 120,000 years ago, the last time that temperatures were about as warm as they are today. It is As the scientists analyze that mud, it may yield more diatoms. A student lowered his camera 93 meters into the ground in Antarctica while collecting ice that's estimated to be over two million years old. A mans world? She lives right Multiple rounds went into the front bedroom. Satellite observations have confirmed a progressive deterioration in the Earths protective ozone layer above Antarctica, according to scientists. The study shows that when winds surrounding Antarctica draw closer to shore, they promote stronger upward mixing in the eastern Weddell Sea. My name is Richard Stolarksi, and Im a research scientist whos worked on ozone for many years. Only twice before have humans pierced the deep interior of the Ross Ice Shelf to study its underlying ocean. It is stabilized, at least for the time being, by a phalanx of floating ice shelves, that hang off its outer edgesof which the Ross Ice Shelf is by far the largest. The lakes beneath the Mercer and Whillans ice stream boundary are currently undergoing their third period of drainage in 17 years. So said the great explorer, Admiral Richard Byrd. Chem. Res. Global sea levels would rise by 10 feet if West Antarctica lost these crucial stabilizers and spilled its ice into the ocean. In January of 1956Admiral Byrdled an expedition to the South Pole. Campbell joined the UW as a graduate student in 2016 to better understand this mysterious phenomenon. When does spring start? Other co-authors on the paper are Kent Moore at the University of Toronto, who was the 2016-17 Canada Fulbright Visiting Chair in Arctic Studies at the UW; Casey Brayton at the University of South Carolina; and Lynne Talley and Matthew Mazloff from Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego. Peter, T. & Groos, J.-U. The Montreal Protocol, as its initially written, was a 50% reduction in production of chlorofluorocarbons it was not a ban. Life discovered in buried Antarctic lake, Extreme Antarctica: Amazing photos of Lake Ellsworth, In rare case, mother delivers two sets of identical twins, back to back, Rare black hole 1 billion times the mass of the sun could upend our understanding of galaxy formation, 'Brain-eating' amoeba case in Florida potentially tied to unfiltered water in sinus rinse, Painful 'cross-shaped incision' in medieval woman's skull didn't kill her, but second surgery did, Human brain looks years 'older' after just one night without sleep, small study shows, Largest asteroid ever to hit Earth was twice as big as the rock that killed off the dinosaurs. Which travel companies promote harmful wildlife activities? What we call the ozone hole is a thinning of the ozone layer in the stratosphere (an upper layer of Earths atmosphere) above Antarctica that begins every September. Whatever the absolute error of the recent values may be, the annual variation of total ozone at Halley Bay has undergone a dramatic change. Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals, Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription, Receive 51 print issues and online access, Get just this article for as long as you need it, Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02837-5. Its just a theory. (See what would happen if all the worlds ice melted.). Over forty ships, including the Navys crown jewel, William Cooper goes into greater detail in the, In 1964, Dr. Raymond W. Bernard, was a leader of the Rosicrucians, who are members of a worldwide cabal, especially the Ancient Mystic Order, Rosae Crucis and the Rosicrucian Order, focused his research on old magical, philosophical, and religious teachings, concerned with the application of these doctrines to modern life. People or creatures populating the center of the earth are some incredibly tall and very humanoid creatures that were extremely advanced. A Warner Bros. Police said the pilot, whose identity has not been released, was rushed to Regional One in non-critical condition, hit in the back near his right shoulder. Concerns were raised, really, in the 1960s and 70s that substances that we were manufacturing, in particular chlorofluorocarbons the CFCs might put chlorine high into the atmosphere where it could then photocatalytically interact with the ozone and destroy ozone. 2023 Cable News Network. NY 10036. It really is, especially dealing with the youth. Nature Geosci. Satellite images from Aug. 30, 2017 through Dec. 2, 2017 show the rarely-seen opening in the late Southern Hemisphere winter sea ice. Use tab to navigate through the menu items. "Talk among the flight crews was that there is a UFO base at South Pole and some of the crew heard talk from some of the scientists working with and interacting with the scientists at that air sampling camp/large ice hole.". The 2021 Antarctic ozone hole reached its maximum area on Oct. 7 and ranks 13th largest since 1979. Scientists have discovered two new lakes buried deep beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet. The second lake drained between 2014 and 2015 and is currently filling up again, while the third lake drained just slightly between 2016 and 2017. "We're really talking about a water system that is connected to the whole Earth system. 2023 University of Washington | Seattle, WA, Mysterious holes in Antarctic sea ice explained by years of robotic data, Dan Costa/University of California, Santa Cruz, Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling, Human-wildlife conflicts rising worldwide with climate change, Newly discovered form of salty ice could exist on surface of extraterrestrial moons, UW computer scientist and mathematician named Sloan Fellows. J. Geophys. Now, a team of researchers think they know what caused it. Muller, R.) Ch. This means that we may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you. This particular spot far from the Antarctic coast often has small openings and has seen large polynyas before. First published on January 31, 2019 / 12:23 PM. Scientists have discovered two new lakes buried deep beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet. The gap in the Antarctic is said to be where these creatures fly out and fly back in. So, they ultimately wound up corroborating the British Antarctic Surveys story and getting a bit of egg on their faces too. Earths protective ozone layer is slowly but noticeably healing at a pace that would fully mend the hole over Antarctica in about 43 years, a new United Nations report says. Whats going through my mind? A NASA satellite image in August 2016 drew public attention to a 33,000-square-kilometer (13,000-square-mile) gap that appeared for three weeks. Montzka, S. A. et al. Its messed up right here, right now in Memphis. NASA/AP. Animal life was not what scientists were expecting to find in the pitch-black seawater beneath almost half a mile of floating Antarctic ice, but it seems to have found a way with the discovery of sea creatures living in the extreme environment. 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