The 17,000-acre site is 10 miles northeast of Denver. 1973The Vietnam Conflict ends, and demilitarization becomes the primary focus of the RMA. I think theres a case to be made that just leaving it in place really maintains an unacceptable risk of contamination spreading from the site, he said. EPA and the State concurred with the approach. Photo source:CBS Denver It cited seven violations. A more recent article in 2004 by Pimentel,[19] estimated the cost of removal pesticides from the groundwater and soil at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal by approximately $2 billion. The second largest earthquake in the Denver series occurred on November 26, 1967. From 1943 to 1956, the US Army and Shell discharged wastes into the unlined basins resulting in the contamination of the South Platte River outside the Arsenal. More by The Associated Press, Got a story tip? The Army replied by indicating federal authorities should regulate the arsenal superfund site through the CERCLA, and not state environmental authorities. These field activities began in the fall of 1997 and significant portions of the cleanup have already been accomplished. Montbello is located to the south of the RMA, and Commerce City to the west. Birth defects included in the analysis were: "total congenital anomalies, major congenital anomalies, heart defects, muscle and skeletal defects, and kidney and bladder defects," and these categories were inconsistent in reporting accuracy. A local shock awakened a few persons in Commerce City November 25. Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge, a former nuclear weapons plant northwest of Denver, opened to hikers and cyclists last September, but some activists question whether its safe. (credit: Rocky Mountain Arsenal/Twitter) That section borders 56th Avenue at the Gateway and Montbello neighborhoods. Residents were generally shaken, but no damage was sustained. The site was completed December 1942,[1] operated by the United States Army throughout the later 20th century and was controversial among local residents until its closure in 1992. Legislators quickly moved from beneath chandeliers in the Denver Capitol Building, fearing they might fall. Contaminants included solvents, metals, pesticides, and miscellaneous manufacturing-related chemicals. [11], The NRDA found several injuries to wildlife. State officials say they want long-term and legally binding assurances. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal manufactured chemical weapons including mustard gas, napalm, white phosphorus, lewisite, chlorine gas, and sarin. Heavy volatile contaminants related to Basin F raised concern among the public for the site and the process of the clean-up itself of the Arsenal and a medical monitoring program (MMP) was put in place as part of the Record of Decision (ROD) between the U.S. Army, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Colorado Department of Health and Environment in 1996. An acoustical ceiling and light fixtures fell at one school. [3] After the bald eagles were captured, tested, and found to be healthy, the National Wildlife Federation worked with policymakers to transition RMA to a wildlife refuge. Following a final land transfer, the Refuge expands to 15,000 acres and becomes one of the largest urban national wildlife refuges in the United States. A civic center, high school, soccer complexand public open space are also located here. Many residents reported it was the strongest earthquake they had ever experienced. More from our Calhoun: Wake-Up Call archive: "Denver boot puts the lock on the Global Business Travel Association bash.". The Rocky Mountain Arsenal manufactured chemical weapons including mustard gas, napalm, white phosphorus, lewisite, chlorine gas, and sarin. The timeline below highlights important milestones from each decade. An official website of the United States government. (4 of 9), CREATION OF WILDLIFE REFUGE In the 1980s a roost of bald eagles, which were then on the Endangered Species List, was discovered. He began working at the newspaper in 1998, after writing for newspapers in Mesa, Ariz., and Twin Falls, Idaho, and The Associated Press in Salt Lake City. This is unprecedented: Avian flu has killed 12,000 birds in Colorado, Smart sensors on I-25 promise really significant traffic improvements, pilot study shows, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge, Denver just got a direct flight to this Caribbean island known for music history and vegetarian cooking, Denver gang member gave 14-year-old permission to open fire on woman with AR-15 after fender-bender, DA alleges, Multiple Colorado schools temporarily placed under secure status due to threats, Denver East High student dies more than two weeks after being shot outside school, Letters: Proposed age limit for gun ownership in Colorado doesn't make sense. In summary, there is no current evidence of health effects. Contaminated areas of soil remain in the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, but are contained in basins and containment structures.[11]. Spills occurred in the central processing areas, storage areas, and out of chemical sewers that existed underground. Feds sue water company for rupture damaging Rocky Mountain National Park -- again, Family gets unexpected bill after Kaiser Permanente Colorado software error that resulted in refunds to thousands, Skygazers will have a great view Wednesday of two planets that look like they are almost touching. Today, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, once some of the most contaminated land in the country, is a cleaned-up nature center. [12] Though the cleanup of the site was considered complete in 2010, soil and groundwater monitoring practices occur every five years to ensure the effects of the clean-up remain. In September 2017, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment sued the U.S. Army, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service that at least 20,000 ducks died in a 10-year span during the 1970s. Subsequently, through the 1970s until 1985, RMA was used as a demilitarization site to destroy munitions and chemically related items. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA), a few miles northeast of Denver, was originally constructed and operated by the Chemical Corps of the United States Army. From a tiny Pacific island to a leafy Indiana forest, a handful of sites where the United States manufactured and tested some of the most lethal weapons known to humankind are now peaceful havens for wildlife. The Energy Department estimates it will cost between $323 billion and $677 billion more to finish the costliest cleanup, at the Hanford Site in Washington state where the government produced plutonium for bombs and missiles. Archives: Project Descriptions / Fact Sheets, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. CERCLA was a tax imposed on chemical and petroleum industries. Extremely loud, explosivelike earth noises were heard. The land has a unique story - it has survived the test of time and transitioned from farmland, to war-time manufacturing site, to wildlife sanctuary. In 1975, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment ordered the Army and Shell to stop the non-permitted discharge of contaminants, to control the contaminated groundwater leaving the site, and to implement a monitoring plan. In 1992, Congress designated the sites as a wildlife refuge. 1941Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, and the United States enters World War II. The injected fluids had very little potential for reaching the surface or useable groundwater supply since the injection point had 11,900 feet of rock above it and was sealed at the opening. During 1968, ten slight shocks were felt in Colorado. The cleanup was completed in 2010 and five large parcels of land have been deleted from the NPL, creating opportunities for reuse development and expansion of the Refuge. In 2009, the state of Colorado, Shell Oil Co., and the United States Army settled a lawsuit pertaining to damages to the states natural resources from past activities at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal that caused extensive contamination of soil and water at the site. The Army was dumping dangerous chemicals into a deep injection well out at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal. How? The contaminated groundwater that still exists in and around RMA continues to be actively monitored. Most badgers at Rocky Mountain Arsenal appear to be unaffected by dieldrin, one of the main chemical contaminants remaining in the soil at the military base. However, when the Basin F liquids were actually introduced, the process required more time than anticipated to complete because of the impermeability of the rock. From Arsenal of Democracy to urban wildlife refuge, the RMA has been critical to achieving U.S. defense, space exploration, environmental remediation and conservation goals. But cleanup costs for an area where contaminated waste is stored are soaring, and Department of Energy investigators say the project has been plagued by fraud and mismanagement. By year end, the United States has out-produced the Axis . [8][9] The well remained unused until 1985 when the Army permanently sealed the disposal well. In 1942, during World War II, the U.S. Army bought 17,000 acres of farmland outside of Denver to develop chemical weapons to be used as a war deterrent. In the early 1960s, the U.S. Army began to lease out its facilities to private companies to manufacture pesticides. biological agent at Rocky Mountain Arsenal was begun in August 1971 and was completed in mid-February 1973. The Denver series was forgotten, however temporarily, in October 1966, when a southeast Colorado tremor rocked a 15,000 square-mile area of that State and bordering New Mexico. The U.S. The Off-Post Record of Decision was finalized in December 1995 and its requirements consist of actions for off-site groundwater and soil. Most handled conventional weapons, not nuclear or chemical. Join the Westword community and help support Conditions reports for this lake are available when logged in. These potential confounders are not clearly addressed in this report and may complicate the analysis as well as raise concern for disparities in exposure risk that is dependent upon demographic factors. The shock shuffled furniture around in homes, and left electrical wall outlets hanging by their wires at Irondale. The history of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge stretches back more than 60 years. 2011In cooperation with federal, state and local regulatory agencies, the U.S. Army permanently maintains 1,000 acres at the site containing the landfills, waste consolidation areas and groundwater treatment facilities. The building was known as the Environmental Analytical Laboratory, and was used to analyze soil, water, and air samples collected during the environmental clean-up of RMA. Keeping our congressional leaders . The Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge is 15,000 acres and features three lakes that are home to over 300 species of wildlife. The cleanup of the refuge's 15,000 acres was completed in 2010. CERCLA also gave the Federal government the authority to respond to the release of life-threatening hazardous materials.[2]. Fish and Wildlife Service establishes a field office at the RMA to manage bald eagles and other wildlife. In the early 1980s the site was selected as a Superfund site and the cleanup process began. 2004After the EPA certifies that cleanup actions are complete, the U.S. Department of Defense transfers 5,000 acres of RMA land to the U.S. Department of the Interior to officially establish the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge. Three shocks in 1965 -- February 16, September 29, and November 20 -- caused intensity VI damage in Commerce City and environs. Today, the Refuge encompasses more than 15,000 acres of restored shortgrass prairie and provides habitat to more 300 species of wildlife, including American bison, bald eagles, mule and white-tailed deer, burrowing owls and black-footed ferrets. More than 600 chemicals have been used or manufactured at the arsenal, including: Diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP), a chemical unique to the Army's manufacture of nerve gas. local news and culture, Patricia Calhoun There is no appropriate standard by the EPA, but the state of Colorado has a standard treatment protocol for this chemical. Beginning in October 2012, testing has revealed that pollutants have escaped the Shell trenches and groundwater is likely coming into contact with the waste and migrating out of the trenches, the lawsuit says. text only version of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Site Spotlight, Emerging Contaminants and Contaminants of Concern, Federal Agency Hazardous Waste Compliance Docket, Military Munitions and Unexploded Ordnance (UXO). Roughly 10 miles (16 kilometers) from downtown Denver, the arsenal was once an environmental nightmare where chemical weapons and commercial pesticides were made. In the early 1960s, the U.S. Army began to lease out its facilities to private companies to manufacture pesticides. [4], The Arsenal's location was selected due to its relative distance from the coasts (and presumably not likely to be attacked), a sufficient labor force to work at the site, weather that was conducive to outdoor work, and the appropriate soil needed for the project. Recent tests have confirmed that the contamination continues to this day, it says. The refuge was created on the buffer zone surrounding the production area. Houses creaked and objects rattled during this magnitude 2.1 earthquake. If you have additional questions, please call 303.289.0300. Groundwater treatment will continue until all water leaving the site meets state and federal standards. The arsenal's animals are intended to refresh bloodlines of the national park's herd, Rocky Mountain Arsenal Refuge Manager David Lucas told CBS4. The purpose of this Natural Resource Damage Assessment Plan is to document the State Trustees' basis for conducting the damage assessment that provided the basis of the lawsuit and to set forth the proposed approaches for quantifying harm to natural resources and calculating the damages associated with those injuries. During the cleanup of the RMA, concern for air pollution from the hazardous materials was raised. Treatment plants remove contaminants from groundwater to keep them out of domestic wells. Rated magnitude 1.5, it was not strong enough to be felt by area residents. After 42 years of chemical manufacturing, in 1984, the United States Army began to inspect the level of contamination at Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA). In September 2017, the state of Colorado filed a lawsuit to sue the United States government for the right to control the contaminated areas of the RMA. 1943RMA employees work around the clock to manufacture mustard gas, Lewisite, chlorine gas and incendiary weapons. Since its establishment in 1942, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) has played a unique role in the service of our nation. The injected fluids had very little potential for reaching the surface or usable groundwater supply since the injection point had 11,900 feet (3630 m) of rock above it and was sealed at the opening. The Army and Shell Oil Co. began conducting detailed site investigations in the 1970s to define the extent of contamination. The JARDF is located at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, 7270 Kingston Parkway, Building 129, Commerce City, CO 80022-1749. Despite the complicated and expensive cleanups, significant contamination has been left behind, some experts say. 1966Following reports of localized earthquake tremors, the U.S. Army concludes the deep well injection program. Fish and Wildlife Service is responsible for managing the Arsenals wildlife and habitat. 1950North Korea invades South Korea, and the U.S. Army reactivates the RMA to produce chemical weapons and incendiary munitions for the Korean War and Vietnam Conflict. Solid and liquid chemical hazardous wastes were disposed of in trenches, burn pits and pooled in open basins covering wide areas. Just watch where you step. It was an inexpensive way to expand the national refuge system, especially in urban areas with scarce open space, said Mark Madison, the Fish and Wildlife Services historian. The Army discontinued use of the well in February 1966 because the fluid injection triggered a series of earthquakes in the area. 1943From 1943 to 1946, the Rose Hill Prisoners of War Camp houses captured German soldiers at the RMA. A. Dietrich f. h,_ During the 1968 pumping tests at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal disposal well, the U.S. Geological Survey was responsible for moni wring earthquakes occurring in the area of the arsenal ami making chemical analysis of the fluids removed. Replacement water for South Adams County Water and Sanitation District. 1989The U.S. Army, EPA and Shell sign the Federal Facilities Agreement, which provides a framework for decision-making and for completing 14 Interim Response Actions (IRAs) while final cleanup plans are developed. Rocky Mountain National Park Tour from Denver 49 Recommended Full-day Tours from $195.00 per adult Private Rocky Mountain National Park from Denver and Boulder 49 Recommended Full-day Tours from $849.00 per group (up to 5) Hiking Adventure in Rocky Mountain National Park from Denver 265 Recommended Full-day Tours from $139.00 per adult A lateral was built off the High Line Canal to supply water to the Arsenal. The Army needs to find a way to clean up the depleted uranium safely.. In September of that year, the Army began removing fluid from the Arsenal well at a very slow rate, in hope that earthquake activity would lessen. Fish and Wildlife Service, bringing the total to 15,000 acres (61km2). Contaminated ground water was first discovered to have migrated off of the Arsenal in the mid-1950s when crop damage and affected livestock was noted on farms north of the Arsenal. [20] In the case of Rocky Mountain Arsenal, total indirect cost was not estimated at all. For example, DIMP (diisopropyl methyl phosphonate) was one of the main contaminants in the area. (3 of 9), REDEVELOPMENT - Commerce City, CO a northern suburb of Denver,and a sports enterprise business have invested more than $120 million in the property, which yields 1.7 million visitors annually. But forty years ago, a series of quakes rocked the Denver area -- quakes caused not by Mother Nature, but by Uncle Sam. This program was designed to address potential Arsenal-related health concerns of those living in communities surrounding the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, including the southernmost portion of Brighton, Commerce City, Green Valley Ranch, Henderson and Montbello. Its location was selected because it is far from the coast and it has sufficient labor force. Fish and Wildlife Service. All manufacturing activities ended in 1982. Parts of a C-shaped buffer zone around the perimeter are open to visitors asHanford Reach National Monument. Weapons manufactured at RMA included both conventional and chemical munitions, including white phosphorus (M34 grenade), napalm, mustard gas, lewisite, and chlorine gas. They would be worse if they were surrounded by a fence and left off-limits for decades and decades, said David Havlick, a professor at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs who studies military-to-wildlife conversions. SITE HISTORY - Rocky Mountain Arsenal was listed on the NPL in 1987. Soon after, Congress enacted legislation designating the RMA as a future national wildlife refuge. Two sites were retained by the Army: the South Plants location due to historical use[clarification needed], and the North Plant location, which is now a landfill containing the remains of various buildings used in the plants. Eating fish and game from the refuge is forbidden. The U.S. Army has begun removing Building 130, which is located northeast of the Refuge Visitors Center. No significant increase was observed in congenital anomalies during the clean-up period compared to pre-clean up, although there are no baseline data prior to initial contamination events because data was not yet being collected and the population was very different at that time. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Army will retain areas where hazardous wastes are managed, such as the landfill and soil covers. To learn more and view artifacts from each period, visit the Refuge Visitor Center. Between 1946 and 1987, the Army also leased portions of the arsenal to Shell Oil Company to manufacture pesticides. Official websites use .gov For testing purposes, the well was injected with approximately 568,000 US gallons (2150 m) of city water prior to injecting any waste. The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment established monitoring systems throughout various locations of the RMA. The Army is still struggling with cleaning up Jefferson Proving Ground in southeastern Indiana, part of which becameBig Oaks National Wildlife Refuge. Waste that was left in place is now interred beneath largeengineered covers that prevent intrusion by humans or animals,and also preventfurther contamination of groundwater. In some cases, they could have conceivably made the site into something that was economically valuable, but that would have cost more, Rome said. Mallard carcasses found to have higher levels of Dieldrin. August 24, 2011 The first of the major chemical demilitarization programs to be undertaken at Rocky Mountain Arsenal was the disposal of the obsolete To read the report, click here. Fish and Wildlife Service to establish a field office at the RMA to help manage the abundant wildlife. 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