Farmers contrived chinampas, or artificial, fertile islands floating in canals, to grow crops of beans, peppers, avocados, tomatoes, and, most important, corn. Why did "osw" cause heartburn---because it explains just how the organism ie insurgent adapts in his particular "ecosystem". Today, we are going to discuss the Army Warfighting Functions. [xl] Although I think it is terrible to see war in terms of three levels: tactical, operational, and strategic, I use these terms for communication purposes. BTW, I must apologize, the forest blocked my view of the trees I did not realize you were the author. In order to be effective when dealing with things like social influence,[xxxii] the requirements are literally something that SOF has been getting further away from being able to do since at least 1987, but especially since 2003. Some call the latter complex operations, and indeed hereafter I will refer to those as complex. Maxwell said the War on Terrorism defined protection by entry control points, barriers, persistent ground surveillance system blimps, and even the technologically-advanced counter rocket, artillery. In the old days of SF UW when the mission was given to us during isolation the first thing a team did was to kick back and go into what one would call the "what if" mode---regardless of how crazy some of the comments or ideas where we went completely through until that was nothing left that could have surprised us ---then the true conversations started and all ideas reviewed and tossed until we were comfortable with the remaining one or two. Just how many deploying BCT personnel fully understood the fighting tactics being used by the various Sunni, Shia, and AQI personnel ---did the Army via PME every have classes on this topic? [v] Art in this case refers to military art, but also to innovation and Mission Command as well the concepts of multi-framing, learning-in-action, and the afore-mentioned critical and creative thinking. [xxxvi] This is because, if anything, surgical strike missions are very limited in time and scope and their objectives are clear and unambiguous. Lastly, all of these capabilities would be used to develop an innovative approach to complex problems, those problems that are inherent when the military attempts social change. Please leave your comments and input in the comment section below. The role of information in future conflicts is becoming exceedingly important given the explosive rise of information technology. He is a Ph.D. candidate at North Carolina State Universitys Public Administration program with special interest in researching the organizational obstacles within SOCOM and DoD to effective Irregular Warfare. [viii] It is linked closely to the concept of the human domain, thus General Odiernos alleged comment within the context of the function. Something that required us to understand an influence the will of the people. When I was able to get a BCT to change their behavior every single day ---then we started getting a changed battlefield as we were forcing the insurgent to delay or stop planned attacks until they figured out why we suddenly changed---plain old fashioned UW that has not changed much in the last 100 years. "I did not want to recall how many negative comments were made by countless officers about how stupid the insurgents were when in fact they are still in the fight and we are long gone from Iraq.". In my opinion the human domain is nothing more than observations on human nature and has always been a part of military thinking. Most preferably, however, we would waste no time in adapting to the philosophical approach of the vast majority of the rest of the scientific world, to include most of the social sciences- and that is to a critical realist philosophy. RantCorp---lack of observation skills by the Force is also another problem-especially from our side--there are a number of basic infantry skill sets that have largely disappeared that no one seems to recognize. The systematic theory is highly suspect, as the Soviet centralized system should have taught us. Grant---I think part of the current issue inside SF is a distinct lack of UW experience passed on from the 60/70s to the Groups having to just survive in order to rebuild. Grant-----maybe Ben Z might agree with the following ---I would venture that currently in the Force the use of MDMP in it's standard form does in fact kill critical thinking as one simply goes through the rote of doing the steps not the thinking behind the why one is doing each of the steps. Additional sources of lethal and less lethal, kinetic and non-kinetic joint fires and effects that may be employed and coordinated the Fires WFF include Offensive Air Support, Aviation, Naval Gunfire Support, and Electronic Warfare. Inca architecture still dots the Andean mountains and highlands as the timeless endeavors of a lost people. Will any of these concepts help us to (1) separate the native from his native way of life and native way of governance and help us to (2) attach him and make him dependent upon our way of life and governance? Commanders integrate and synchronize these capabilities with other WFF to accomplish objectives and missions. Grant---an example of reality that could one day effect SF especially in the SW world is Mexico---if a team is alerted and enters isolation for deployment-------use the following statement as their mission scenario---ie support the development of local Autodefensa groups in their fight against the transnational criminal organizations ie the various drug cartels when the governance in the areas of the Autodefensa equal a failed state and the politicians/government at all levels are fully corrupted by the TCOs. What keeps them in the fight is they are observant and patient and both of those come free. Not to compare the two leaders, but you could say the same thing about Hitler's bombing of London. The use of "human domain" is really a simple attempt to cover up the abject failure of "understanding the environment" before they deployed. The movement and maneuver warfighting function is the related tasks and systems that move forces to achieve a position of advantage in relation to the enemy. SOF) and careful selection of the particularly bright and competent who receive specialized training, but the capabilities being supported are hardly anything but conventional. These movements may be partial or complete. One cannot believe how many times I have heard the comment "we cannot template the insurgency"---my argument even to today was "yes we could as they were hiding nothing from us"---the CF just did not want to admit that the insurgency was a living, thinking, adapting group of people who were giving us a solid run for our money----or is anyone wanting and or willing to state we "won" the IED fight in Iraq and or AFG----Gen. P nor Nagel has ever mentioned anything on this front. [xxxiii] If we are to be more effective within the human domain, we must at the least question whether the Armys physical domain approach is applicable to the human domain. The human domain implies the social realm: a dominion of non-visible abstractions that, although mostly falling outside of the scientific are nonetheless real, if real means to have an effect on others. It prioritizes education and training over platforms and technology as well as persistent engagement over drone strikes, direct action raids, and Hollywood movies. 7 . is one of education- great point. This text would not dictate any one approach or set of tools for dealing with the human domain. The. [xxxix] To engage most effectively within the human domain- our SW forces should be supported with an education and training institution second to none. And all this still ignores the fact that none of this has anything to do with the general idea that the officers leading these organizations, conventional or otherwise, have to be educated. The distinction you explicitly make seems to detract from your deeper point. Archaeologists and treasure hunters scour newly discovered burial platforms and caves in search of knowledge that might contribute to the modern understanding of the lost cultures, and also, undoubtedly, to find relics made of that one material valued by both the ancient and modern worlds: gold. If SW was as important, the amount and quality of education that soldiers get who are involved in SW would be similar in per capita spending as those in SS get for their specialized training and equipping. The Armys warfighting functions link directly to the joint functions. What is the Movement and Maneuver warfighting function? Viewed from that perspective, the self-defense groups of Michoacn, heroic and dignified, represent a fresh and hopeful alternative that should be recognized and supported. That is, they encompass so much that they are rendered almost useless. The problem is that we are attempting to put tacit knowledge- that which is hard or impossible to explain- into the same form (doctrine) as explicit knowledge- that which can be categorized, detailed, and made into a list. Sustainment. RantCorp--just how many hours of any given day did either the AQI, the Sunni IAI or the Shia Iraqi Hezbollah spend just simply watching every move a BCT or Marine Regt made in Iraq---kind of like a pattern of life targeting process just in reverse and just how much times does the HiG or the Taliban spend watching our every move in AFG-----hours, days, weeks? Sydney J. Freeburg took the following thought from a Strategic Landpower Conference in August of this year: Strategically, that failure to understand the human factor is the root of the abject failure that the Army, Marines, and SOCOM are determined not to repeat.[xiii] This follows on the heels of the Armys Field Manual 3-24 Counterinsurgency Manual and subsequent debates between the COINdinistas, such as John Nagl who have pushed for a human-centricity in contemporary war efforts, and those who would advocate that the narrative being sold on Iraq is flat-out wrong. The European Union (EU) By the way it is easy to disrupt but one has to understand that one is being observed and then use one's mind to think through a counter measure.. There was a series of great comments on the question of UW recently in Dave Maxwell's SWJ article. For example, on the one hand the methodology implores professionals to critically think, but it then defines the specific ways in which one must think about war, a wholly uncritical approach. Critical realism can be used to describe current or past situations. All warfighting functions possess scalable capabilities to mass lethal and nonlethal effects. Certainly an insight into the latter three can be gained from understanding the local culture. Identify the six war-fighting functions 1. Neither did 202020 the Maya have a single emperor, though its kings were venerated as godlike, as in the Inca and Aztec cultures. Understanding human domain means understanding the environment one operates in has been a true fact since the beginning of warfare not just since Iraq and AFG. It is normally associated with initiative. Thus, given this mission (outlier state and societal transformation) and this problem (the "enemy" can see us coming, so to speak, even before we get on the aircraft), how then might the art and understanding of the sublime help us to overcome these difficulties? In addition, they are more likely to remain fixated on the hyper-tactical level of operations. So- you bring up some critical points- those points are usually lost when one does a formal MDMP analysis of COAs. That strategy is to get more money. Others, such as Carl Builder, mentioned in footnote 12, as well as this authors own experiences highlight the bureaucratic pressures that lead to the chase for more money within government bureaucracies. It means preserving the force which includes personnel and physical assets of the United States as well as the host nation and any military or civilian allies. Essentially thru their M1Es the HN Command have developed a intuitive connection to the Khost conflict ecosystem. The mission became one of democratization. That is, we in the Army believe, like the Political Scientist David Easton, "that in order for [military] science to become scientifically mature, it need[s] to internalize scientific principles and methods and focus on the empirically observable behavior of political actors.". Also see Paparone, Chris, COL (ret. He was surrounded by a gaggle of equally wide-eyed individuals of similar disposition that suggested to me ALQ had trawled the homeless shelters and shanty towns throughout the third world and southern Europe to get fighters. I am not overly familiar with the Mexico situation (some first-hand experience with Mexican army check points in the Baja California desert a few years ago notwithstanding). Again, the enemy, per se, seems to be missing. He makes a connection between us being enamored with science and the emptiness of Reality TV, the unfeeling brutality of using drones, the military-industrial complexs support for perpetual war, our societys turning away from liberty in the face of terrorism, unfettered capitalisms destruction of the environment, and a void in the area of foreign policy. They are a tactical tool that often makes us feel good in achieving temporary gains or waiving the flag. I couldn't agree more with this comment- and I think this is one area in which we fail miserably. Secondly, by attacking civilian targets, the terrorists strategy was to influence those within the power base? All of which must be done in a lawful manner. M2 WFF consists of the sub-functions of (tactical) movement, manoeuvre and mobility (described below). Great points, as always Bill. I think there needs to be some re-evaluation about these issues. Information Briefing Format II. Basically the argument was that this new technology was serving as a distraction because the problems at home instantly became the problems for the soldier and thus it was easy for people to become absorbed and distracted by things that could not only put the individual in danger when outside the wire but it could endanger those around him or her (a no brainer). Preserving the force includes protecting personnel (combatants and noncombatants) and physical assets of the United States, unified action partners, and host nations. And one can use art, I'd argue, to re-imagine one's mission- all the while not straying too far outside of one's constraints. And SOF seems to be making its 21st Century reputation on conventional warfare on steroid rather than on unconventional type work. Since about 2010/2011 the Force feeling that MDMP was lagging has gotten back into it with a vengeance forgetting along the way the critical process of open fear free discussions regardless of how crazy in a trust environment. . This fact is the real ball-breaker. Using the vocabulary list for the lesson, supply the correct word to complete the sentence. If any kind of mission was conducive to a technically rational approach, it would be surgical strike missions.[xxxvii]. Work with a cooperative local government to overthrow a population or population group which does not want to be so "transformed.". The IA WFF also includes tasks undertaken within other WFF that directly influence a target group as well as specific influence actions such as Public Affairs, PSYOPS, and deception. If our Colonel is a balls out dude he might have a Recon Team with M1E on the target for ten days perhaps a km from the HN FOB. That Special Operations is just now getting around in my opinion to being in the same boat is a reflection of two occurrences: the 1987 establishment of Special Operations as a 4-star command and the large growth in Special Operations since 9/11. The seven warfighting functions are command and control, fires, force protection, information, intelligence, logistics, and maneuver. The bureaucracy loves its metrics. [vii] When combined with the other functions- movement and maneuver, fires, intelligence, protection, sustainment, mission command- and welded together through leadership, the Seventh is supposed to enable decisive effects and ultimately success on the battlefield. What matters is what organized military forces do in their country, not what the people who comprise those forces do in their spare time or what they do at home. Shortly after noon and simultaneously, the community police of Tanctaro, Buena Vista, Aguililla, Tepalcatepec and La Ruana liberated the municipalities of El Zapote, El Corrijo and Rancho Grande, where 18 villages coexist with about 500 inhabitants, just like Acahuato, in the municipality of Apatzingn. It teaches people the danger when they fail to observe their physical environment (under their ergonomic desk chair) and drives home the point that real pain (having your pants blown out of the roof of the shit-house) and pain on a TV screen have nothing in common. The terrorists strategy was to influence those within the power base, COL ( ret any approach. Are more likely to remain fixated on the hyper-tactical level of operations a rational... The fight is they are more likely to remain fixated on the hyper-tactical what are the 7 warfighting functions operations. Points- those points are usually lost when one does a formal MDMP analysis of COAs information.! 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