Health psychology, developed in the late 1970s, is its own domain of inquiry. By working closely with those under their care, health psychologists help people to learn and understand how to make healthier choices when it comes to various elements ranging from the medications and drugs they choose to ingest to healthier lifestyle choices. Here the handling of mental illness is dealt with in a different manner whereby there is some integration of somatic and psychotherapeutic style incorporated into any effort to help an individual overcome or cope better with the negative condition, when compared to health psychology methods. 3. Practitioners of behavioral medicine differ from medical psychologists in that they focus on the scientific application of behavioral interventions to a wide variety of medical conditions (e.g., asthma, gastrointestinal illnesses, cardiac conditions, spinal cord and brain injuries, chronic pain, headaches, and addictive illness). . Health psychology is based around biopsychosocial principles and has a wider scope for application. Through medical psychology there is some somatic and therapeutic use. This importantly contributes to promoting and maintaining health… This book is a guide for health psychology … Most of the work would involve using methodologies that encourage prevention rather than waiting for the stage where treatment is necessary. This … Psychiatrists are medical doctors who graduate from medical school, have a year of medical internship, and have 3 years of residency in the assessment and treatment of mental health … Research: methodology and design of psychopharmacology research, interpretation and evaluation, FDA drug development and other regulatory processes. In contrast to health psychology, medical psychology does depend more on focusing on addressing the causes, treatments and preventions of any abnormal psychological conditions. In 2006, the American Psychological Association (APA) recommended that the education and training of medical psychologists, who are specifically pursuing one of several prerequisites for prescribing medication, integrate instruction in the biological sciences, clinical medicine and pharmacology into a formalized program of postdoctoral education. Medical psychologists also help in the determination of genetic, biochemical, and physiologic factors in illnesses and reaction to illness. Although the Academy of Medical Psychology defines medical psychology as a "specialty" and has established a "specialty board certification," it is important to note that the American Psychological Association does not currently recognize medical psychology as a "specialty." Some doctors and philosophers today believe that this Cartesian line of thought is outdated. Health has played a significant role throughout the history of psychology. An important contribution of medical psychology is in the education of patients (psychoeducation) in disease processes. The primary function of a health psychologist is to help clients and patients better manage their stress, anger, psychological disorders, medical conditions, and mental illnesses by teaching them effective stress management, relaxation, and biofeedback strategies. Here the handling of mental illness is dealt with in a different manner whereby there is some integration of somatic and psychotherapeutic style incorporated into any effort to help an individual overcome or cope better with the negative condition, when compared to health psychology methods. These, then, are joined with psychosocial factors deemed contributory to diseases processes. This is especially helpful when there is a diagnosis of terminal illness or chronic pain, whereby the mental state of the individual must be prevented into falling into deep depression or becoming overly anxious. Although there is clear evidence that behavioral patterns can contribute, or at the very least, facilitate the development of chronic diseases and other negative mental and physical health conditions, it is nonetheless better to choose modest behavioral intervention styles as opposed to more intense treatments. Medical psychology still tries to focus on the connection between physical, social and psychological events and how these bear some consequence on an individual’s ability to manage or work towards preventing or decreasing the impact of diseases. This branch of psychology takes the biopsychosocial approach which regards health as the combination of effects of biological processes such as viruses and tumors; psychological processes such as stress, beliefs and cognitions; behaviors and actions such as risk-taking and gambling; and social factors such as ethnicity and way of life. Health psychology, in contrast, tries to avoid the introduction of medications wherever possible. Such certifying bodies, view psychopharmacology training (either to prescribe or consult) as one component of the training of a specialist in Medical Psychology, but recognize that training and specialized skills in other aspects of the treatment of behavioral aspects of medical illness, and mental illness affecting physical illness is essential to practice at the specialty level in Medical Psychology. A specialty of medical psychology has established a specialty board certification, American Board of Medical Psychology and an Academy of Medical Psychology requiring a doctorate degree in psychology and extensive post doctoral training in the specialty and the passage of an oral or written examination. The national psychology practitioner association (NAPPP; www.nappp.org)and top national certifying body (Academy of Medical Psychology; www.amphome.org)have established the national training, examination, and specialty practice criterion and guidelines in the specialty of Medical Psychology and have established a national journal in the specialty. The following Clinical Competencies are identified as essential in the education and training of medical psychologists: I. This site is for informational purposes and is not a substitute for professional help. Some anecdotal evidence has been raised concerning the lack of effective treatment for things such as migraines, pains and cancer and that perhaps the cure should not only be centred on the body but also the mind. 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