Hyoid definition, noting or pertaining to a U-shaped bone at the root of the tongue in humans, or a corresponding bone or collection of bones in animals. In birds, and some reptiles, the body of the hyoid is greatly extended forward, creating a solid bony support for the tongue. Hyoid bone function is structural – it holds up the tongue from below and keeps the larynx in place from above. 2. any distinct piece of the skeleton of the body. It allows a wider range of tongue, pharyngeal and laryngeal movements by bracing these structures alongside each other in order to produce variation. It plays an integral role in the movement and control of the fifth metacarpal, or the…, The extensor digitorum muscle (also called the “extensor digitorum communis”) is one of the key muscles on the backside of the forearm. These four muscles have different actions, but in general assist in elevating the hyoid bone and widening the esophagus during swallowing.When the two bellies of the digastric contract, they pull upward on the hyoid bone; but if the hyoid is fixed from below, the digastric assists in extreme opening of the mouth such as yawning or taking a large bite of an apple. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Purpose and Function Supports the tongue, providing attachment sites for muscles of the tongue, neck, and pharynx. 7, July 2000 (. In early life the outer borders of the body are connected to the greater horns by synchondroses; after middle life usually by bony union. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind. Structure and Functions of Hyoid Bone. Arsenburg, B. et al., A reappraisal of the anatomical basis for speech in middle Paleolithic hominids, in: American Journal of Physiological Anthropology 83 (1990), pp. The largest of muscles that attach to the upper surface of the greater horns are the hyoglossus and the middle pharyngeal constrictor, which extend along the whole length of the horns; the digastric muscle and stylohyoid muscle have small insertions in front of these near the junction of the body with the horns. The apex of each horn gives attachment to the stylohyoid ligament; the chondroglossus rises from the medial side of the base. Next Vertebral Column. Exercises for swallowing function m… The…, The ankle bones include the calcaneus, cuboid, external cuneiform, internal cuneiform, middle cuneiform, navicular, and talus. The body of the hyoid is centrally located, while the cornua are on both sides. The hyoid bone is the only bone that has no direct contact with any other bone in the human body (see Figure 1). It helps the tongue movement, such as speaking or swallowing. In many animals, it also incorporates elements of other gill arches, and has a correspondingly greater number of cornua. [8] The discovery of a modern-looking hyoid bone of a Neanderthal man in the Kebara Cave in Israel led its discoverers to argue that the Neanderthals had a descended larynx, and thus human-like speech capabilities. The hyoid bone is classed as an irregular bone and consists of a central part called the body, and two pairs of horns, the greater and lesser horns. The hyoid bone is a horseshoe shaped bone found in the neck. While the hyoid bone provides protection to these organs, it can be fractured if exposed to excessive forces. The hyoid bone is located in the neck and can be palpated immediately above the thyroid cartilage. The hyoid is anchored by muscles from the anterior, posterior and inferior directions, and aids in tongue movement and swallowing. Amphibians and reptiles may have many cornua, while mammals (including humans) have two pairs, and birds only one. The greater cornua extends backwards from the body of the hyoid. It is also thought to play a key role in keeping the upper airway open during sleep,[14][15] and as such, the development and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; characterized by repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep). The lesser cornua are small conical projections oriented upwards. It helps elevate the larynx and support the tongue whenever a person swallows or talks. Called also os . … Its name is derived from the Greek word … The hyoid bone plays an important role in the occurrence of speech in humans. The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone that is held in place by the strap muscles of the anterior triangle of the neck. The hyoid bone serves as the attachment for the tongue and pharynx, and is made up of paired stylohyoid, epihyoid, ceratohyoid and thyrohyoid bones, with a central basihyoid bone. hyoid bone. choking). Last medically reviewed on January 20, 2018, The adductor hallucis is a two-headed muscle that is responsible for flexing and contracting the big toe, and reinforcing the arch of the foot. Anatomy and Function of the Equine Hyoid Apparatus - The hyoid bone and its relationship with the fascia, and the temporomandibular (TMJ) joint between the temporal and mandible bone, are areas of fascination for me. It is crossed in its upper half by a well-marked transverse ridge with a slight downward convexity, and in many cases a vertical median ridge divides it into two lateral halves. The suprahyoid branch of the lingual artery runs along the upper border of the hyoid bone and supplies blood to the attached muscles. It shares this muscle's innervation by the facial nerve, and functions to draw the hyoid bone backwards and elevate the tongue.Its origin is the styloid process of the temporal bone.It inserts on the body of the hyoid. To the medial border the thyrohyoid membrane is attached, while the anterior half of the lateral border gives insertion to the thyrohyoid muscle. The greater horns derive from the third pharyngeal arch. It is also at the base of the mandible, or lower jawbone. The hyoid bone has a body and two pairs of horns, each of which is also called a cornu, the Latin word for “horn.” [21] In humans, the single hyoid bone is an equivalent of the hyoid apparatus. The primary role of the bone is to support the weight of the tongue, allowing people to articulate words while speaking, and enabling the production of a wide range of vocalizations. You can feel your own hyoid bone here, and you can move it from side to side. The hyoid is a "horseshoe-shaped" bone that serves as a structural anchor in the mid-neck.It is the only bone in the human body that does not directly articulate with another bone (other than sesamoids).). It helps its movement for actions such as speaking or swallowing. The stylohyoid muscle is a slender muscle, lying anterior and superior of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. Hyoid bone can be divided into three component parts: the body of the hyoid, the greater cornua, and the lesser cornua. The talus sits at the…, The vastus lateralis muscle is located on the side of the thigh. It lifts larynx during deglutition. In a suspected case of murder or physical abuse, a fractured hyoid strongly indicates throttling or strangulation in an adult. It is one of the suprahyoid muscles. The hyoid bone (lingual bone or tongue-bone) (/ˈhaɪɔɪd/[2][3]) is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. The hyoid bone of a gecko with attached tracheal rings, Hyoid bones of various birds in the Natural History Museum, Vienna, In veterinary anatomy, the term hyoid apparatus is the collective term used to refer to the bones of the tongue — a pair of stylohyoidea, a pair of thyrohyoidea, and unpaired basihyoideum[20] — and associated, upper-gular connective tissues. The central basihyoid bone supports the lingual process, to which the tongue is attached. The lingual bone keeps the airway open between the oropharynx and tracheal rings and, therefore, plays a role in respiration. However, this is not necessarily the case in children and adolescents, where the hyoid bone is still flexible as ossification is yet to be completed. The hyoid bone forms a movable base for the tongue and its varied movements and is held in position by a large number of muscles. The hyoid bone is only distantly articulated to other bones by muscles or ligaments. supports the tongue, providing attachment sites for muscles of the tongue, neck, and pharynx. Previous Hyoid Bone. Functions of the hyoid bone. Fitch, Tecumseh W., The evolution of speech: a comparative review, in: Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. The cartilage of the third pharyngeal arch forms the greater cornu of the hyoid and the lower portion of the body of the hyoid. It anchors the hyoglossus muscles for creating a depression on the tongue so as to enlarge the oral cavity. It is necessary when eating (chewing and swallowing) and speaking. Due to its position, the hyoid bone is not easily susceptible to fracture. (2001.) The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind. 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