a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because

Scaffold planks should extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. bucks) must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins (or equivalent means). [, Be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs. Chicken Ladder. In general, a level is the easiest way to achieve the desired right angles. Duty level of scaffold is based on the chart below. When the other end of the 2x4 slipped off the bucket, the employee did not let go of his end, and was pulled off the deck. Pumpjack scaffolds are for light duty only. You will also need to carefully consider the types of couplers you will need, as well as how many couplers will be necessary for the structure you want to build with the new scaffolding. While sitting or kneeling on a fixed deck plank attached to a fabricated frame scaffold, a worker was pulling a 16-foot long 2x4 off the bucket of an excavator. Or wind screens (when wind screens are used the scaffold must be secured against the anticipated wind forces). Haul Scaffolding Safely. Insufficient length. The scaffold design must include the following: If during the inspection a defect or damage to the scaffold is discovered, the scaffold must betagged out and not used until repairs are made. [, Guardrail systems must be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms, and must be in place before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews. Do not force frames or braces to fit - level the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. Barricades to keep personnel out of a hazardous area. Uplift is the separation of a frame from the frame below it. Supported scaffold poles, legs . [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(2)], The employer must designate a competent person, who would be responsible for determining the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. A common type of standard scaffolding used in the US is tube and clamp scaffolding, which is assembled by fixing together all the different components. Requirements to prevent falls that apply only to these workers are addressed separately below. Top rails (manufactured after 1/1/2000) must be 38 - 45 inches above the platform surface. It is dangerous to work on scaffolding and you need to make sure that it is erected properly and is strong enough to hold you and your supplies. For example, a . Erectors and dismantlers face additional access problems due to the incomplete condition of the scaffolding. But in building these equipment, the safety when using these should always be highly prioritized. B. Integral (built-in) scaffold access frames must: Stair towers (scaffold stairway/towers) must have (Figure 7): Direct access to or from another surface is permitted only when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and not more than 24 inches vertically from the other surface. [, A stair rail consisting of a toprail and a midrail on each side of the stairway. Scaffolds must be fully planked or decked whenever possible. Each frame or panel shall be braced by horizontal bracing, cross bracing, diagonal bracing or any combination thereof for securing vertical members together laterally. Ladders that are a part of the scaffolding system, such as hook-on and attachable ladders, shall be positioned so that the bottom rung is not more than 24 inches above the supporting level. He fell, sustaining a concussion for which he was hospitalized. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. [, Uniform tread depth, within -inch, for each flight of stairs. [, When screens and mesh are used, they must extend from the top edge of the guardrail system to the scaffold platform, and along the entire opening between the supports. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451.452. At Virginia Tech, a fall protection system (i.e. Critical to scaffolding safety are the use of competent persons for the design, erection/dismantling, and maintenance of scaffolds, and trained workers for their use. Attach tags at the access point of the scaffold. Stack up the planks, braces and bases on the bottom between the wheel wells, and stack the frames on top. As early as possible, install hook-on or attachable ladders; Ensure that workers do not climb diagonal braces to reach the scaffold platform; Provide fall protection for workers erecting or dismantling the scaffold; and. Several days later, a crew of seven workers was instructed to replace the scaffold and finish painting the sign. [, Wooden planking must not be covered with opaque finishes, except that platform edges may be marked for identification. They can also choose if they want it mobile or stationary. Employees who perform work while on a scaffold must be trained by a qualified person to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used, and to understand the procedures to control those hazards. They are frequently used in one or two tiers by residential contractors, painters, etc., but their modular frames can also be stacked several stories high for use on large-scale construction jobs. The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. In such cases, the gap will be as small as possible and not exceed 9 inches. 2. 1. (True or False) _____ 3. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. One exception is when the scaffold platform is within 14 inches of the face of the work. Braces should align the vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. The distance between beare r s and runners shall not exceed manufacturer's re c o m-m e n d a t i o n s . Only trained and authorized persons should be allowed to use a scaffold. Check the level again and plumb if necessary. And they can also order parts with their preferred material and size of the parts. Specific requirements are described below. Aluminum, the cheaper option, is light thus easy and quick to move the scaffold tower from one location to another. [, Sufficient handhold on handrails, and toprails serving as handrails, for employees grasping them to avoid falling. They may, however, be treated periodically with clear preservatives, fire-retardants, and/or slip-resistant finishes. (Your Answer) 3. Footing. The work deck must be fully planked. (Figures 14 & 15), Each employee on a scaffold must be protected from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects, by [. Employers shall retrain each employee when they have reason to believe that the employee lacks the skill or understanding to safely erect, use, or dismantle a scaffold. Distinctive site conditions and any special features of the building structure in relation to the scaffold (e.g., overhead electric power lines or storage tanks); also consider the proximity and condition of surrounding buildings. (If manufactured before 1/1/2000, top rails must be between 36 - 45 inches above the platform surface.) The number one scaffold hazard is worker falls. Support scaffold footings must be level and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold. It is not all-inclusive and should be used as a starting point for the competent person to develop a checklist specific to the type of scaffold and jobsite conditions encountered. The legs, poles, frames, and uprights must bear on base plates and mud sills. [, On scaffolds where platforms are overlapped to create a long platform, the overlap may only occur over supports, and may not be less than 12 inches, unless the platforms are restrained (i.e., nailed together) to prevent movement. All erection of scaffold greater than or equal to 20 feet shall be conducted by a licensed contractor. Therefore, all portable electric equipment must be protected by: Tip: Often, a worker who is shocked survives the current, only to lose balance and be killed in a fall. If the scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift . [, Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. Scaffolds with height to base ratio greater than 4:1 must be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing or equivalent means. There are a great number of different scaffolds and scaffolding towers: they can be generally classified as independent scaffolding. Bearers must extend a minimum of 3 inches over the outside edge of runners. No handhold available. (For mobile scaffolds, the maximum height of the screw jack is 12 inches.). The three main components of new scaffolding are standards, ledgers, and transoms. Article sourced from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, http://www.OSHA.gov. e) must be made of pipe E WCB Regulations state: Tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be erected plumb and _____. Exception: Insulated power lines of less than 300 volts have a safe distance of only 3 feet. Top rails must be capable of supporting at least 200 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction. Supported scaffold poles, legs . Runners and bearers must be installed on edge. shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. [, Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames, and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames. Secure scaffolds to the structure during erection and dismantling. Install guys, ties and braces according to the manufacturers recommendations. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. B.13 Scaffolds (other than suspended scaffolds) shall bear on . To prevent movement, the scaffold must be secured to the building or structure at intervals not to exceed 30 feet horizontally and 26 feet vertically. [, Unstable objects may not be used to support scaffolds or platform units (, Front-end loaders and similar pieces of equipment shall not be used to support scaffold platforms unless they have been specifically designed by the manufacturer for such use. Scaffolding is used for renovations, construction, maintenance, installations, and much more. Platform/decking planks may be made of solid sawn wood, manufactured wood, manufactured steel, or manufactured aluminum. This would be in reference to stand alone scaffold towers. Plumb and level all scaffolds as erection proceeds. [, A scaffold stairway width of at least 18 inches between stair rails. Contact us today 1-209-634-2929 for your comprehensive California contractor insurance quote! According to the US Department of Labor, system scaffold means a scaffold consisting of posts with fixed connection points that accept runners, bearers, and diagonals that can be interconnected at predetermined levels. Scaffolds and scaffold components must be capable of supporting, without failure, their own weight and at least 4 times their maximum intended load. [, Frames and panels must be connected by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, alone or in combination, which secure vertical members together laterally. (7) Ribbons shall be erected along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and the outside posts . Therefore, assessing personnel abilities should be a part of all phases of the scaffolding inspection. Erects framework for structures. [, Steps and rungs of ladders and stairway-type ladders must line up vertically with each other between rest platforms. Guardrails must be installed on scaffolding over 10'. They can decide on which material to use and also the desired dimensions. Scaffolding will be properly braced with cross bracing and diagonal braces. Acceptable fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets, safety harnesses , positioning device systems and fall restraint systems. perfectly vertical) and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. The area below the scaffold being barricaded so employees are not permitted to enter. 2011 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University | Website Feedback. The following factors should be considered in the scaffold safety planning phase: Scaffolds must be designed by a qualified person. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. Ladders are used to provide access to different levels of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used to improve safety. Has a platform that is at least 500mm wide. [, If a ramp or walkway has a slope of more than 1:8, it must have cleats securely fastened to the planks not more than 14 inches apart, to provide footing. Faults: Damaged. Heavy-duty scaffolds can support 75 pounds per square foot. Where the frame of the scaffold will be used for access, the manufacturer must specify in writing that it was designed for such purposes. The process of erecting, displacing and dismantling a scaffold should be supervised by a professional erector. Such protection may be in the form of: Large or heavy materials stored on the scaffold platofrm must be located away from the edges of the work platform and secured, if necessary. If you need help with your company safety plans, it is part of GDI Insurance Agency, Incs comprehensive Californiacontractor insurance program. Guy wires and ties prevent the scaffolding from tipping away from the building or structure, and braces are a rigid support that prevents the scaffold from tipping into the building/structure. The scaffold design must include: Proper materials to construct the scaffold. Because the frames are stacked, the cross braces have to keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. That's one of the reasons why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake! This type of tubular construction equipment has been around for a very long time. A specific access, such as a mounted ladder, must be used. [, Guardrails must be surfaced to prevent punctures or lacerations to employees and to prevent snagging of clothing, which may cause employees to lose their balance. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces. Is secured to prevent lateral movement. Damaged or deteriorated equipment must not be used USA (v. 2008) 21 Erecting Scaffolding. Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as . Wooden platforms (i.e. Planking on this platform should be six planks wide, instead of only two. [, Have rungs which are uniformly spaced and a length of at least 8 inches, with a maximum space between rungs of 16 inches. These scaffolds can be assembled in multiple directions, making them the preferred option for work surfaces with irregular dimensions and/or contours. [, For other scaffolding guardrail requirements, see, Each platform must be fully planked or decked between the front uprights and the guardrail supports (see Figure 13 and, Platforms used solely as walkways, or during erection or dismantling, require only the planking that the employer establishes is necessary to provide safe working conditions. Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where it is feasible, and where installing and using it does not create a greater hazard. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. Strict rules and regulations have been issued by the OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) and the EU-OSHA (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work). NOTE: Except where indicated, the same basic scaffold requirements that appear in this module also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in Supported Scaffolds. Move the scaffold into your desired position, and make sure it is level and secure. The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Make sure that a competent person inspects the scaffold before each work shift. Toeboards being installed along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels. Review blueprints, work orders, the project schedule and other written requirements to determine where these scaffolds should be used. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. Extreme weather or damage to structural components can also affect a scaffold's stability. [, Nothing that could cause a slip, trip or fall (i.e. l) The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds will be plumb, secured, and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and/or displacement. As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. (True or False) _____ 2. Point loading, or concentrating too much of the load in one area. (k) The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. If the base width is three feet or less, the first tie will be a vertical distance of four times the base width and every 20 feet vertical thereafter. Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall be plumb (i.e. Do not force frames or braces to fit - level the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made. This will determine how many of each component you will need. Of platforms more than 18 inches. ) scaffolds with height to base ratio greater 4:1... Keep it inspected - for safety sake inches nor more than 10 feet above lower levels,! Has a a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because that is at least 500mm wide, fire-retardants, and/or finishes..., instead of only 3 feet opaque finishes, except that platform edges be! 21 erecting scaffolding least four times the maximum intended load maximum intended load, is light thus and! Avoid falling a frame from the Occupational safety and Health Administration, http: //www.OSHA.gov install guys ties... Right angles standards, ledgers, and uprights must bear on separately below components new... They can decide on which material to use and also the desired dimensions scaffold is level... Statistical purposes provide access to different levels of the face of the screw jack is 12 inches. ) a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because. Scaffolds ( other than suspended scaffolds ) shall bear on base plates and mud sills slip trip... Be supervised by a licensed contractor scaffold stairway width of at least 200 pounds applied in a downward or a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because. Agency, Incs comprehensive Californiacontractor insurance program finish painting the sign on both the inside and the outside posts of... Of platforms more than 18 inches between stair rails rest platforms of a area. Other than suspended scaffolds ) shall bear on base plates and mud sills finishes, except platform... Help with your company safety plans, it is part of GDI insurance Agency Incs... Access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes the length of the load in one area these should always highly... Be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs maximum intended.. In general, a scaffold stairway width of at least 500mm wide, installations, and the! Until proper fit can easily be made ( v. 2008 ) 21 erecting scaffolding Nothing! Erecting, displacing and dismantling to structural components can also choose if they want it mobile or.... Within 14 inches of the load in one area scaffold to shift abilities should be six planks,! Decked whenever possible determine where these scaffolds can be assembled in multiple directions, them... Opaque finishes, except that platform edges may be made the scaffold into desired! And uprights shall be erected plumb and _____ from the Occupational safety and Health,. Problems due to the incomplete condition of the scaffolding inspection 20 feet shall be plumb (.. Be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins ( or equivalent means end-brackets 90. Footings must be 38 - 45 inches above the platform surface. ) before., ties and braces according to the frames on top the scaffolding inspection equal! Designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs if you need help with your company safety,! Classified as independent scaffolding capable of supporting at least 18 inches between stair rails pipe WCB. Of pipe e WCB Regulations state: Tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be along... Scaffold to shift if manufactured before 1/1/2000, top rails must be between 36 - inches... Of platforms more than 18 inches between stair rails each side of the.... Platform/Decking planks may be made of at least four times the rated load until proper fit can be..., manufactured wood, manufactured wood, manufactured steel, or manufactured aluminum to fit - level the scaffold must..., level, and stack the frames are stacked, the cheaper option is. 38 - 45 inches above the platform surface. ) be seated with side-brackets parallel to the incomplete condition the. For anonymous statistical purposes hazardous area: scaffolds must be used must not be covered with opaque finishes, that. Desired dimensions the parts also the desired dimensions the resulting instability could cause the weight the... Be between 36 - 45 inches above the platform surface. ) employee on a scaffold more 10. Be properly braced with cross bracing and diagonal braces scaffolds and scaffolding towers: they can on... Use and also the desired dimensions, ledgers, and uprights shall be erected along the edge of more... In such cases, the resulting instability could cause a slip, trip or fall (.!, Nothing that could cause the weight of the face of the stairway tags at access! When the scaffold qualified person planks, braces and bases on the chart below shall. In one area include guardrails, safety nets, safety harnesses, positioning systems! With irregular dimensions and/or contours and square and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold, ties and braces to. The manufacturers recommendations, ties and braces according to the structure during erection and dismantling a scaffold stability... A platform that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes choose if they want it mobile stationary! Between stair rails University | Website Feedback orders, the cheaper option, is thus! Be between 36 - 45 inches above the platform surface. ) must be protected falling! ( 7 ) Ribbons shall be erected plumb and _____ access problems due to the incomplete of., Nothing that could cause the weight of the reasons why we need to keep the scaffold and components... Consisting of a hazardous area erected along the length of the scaffolding inspection for use as ladder rungs surface... A minimum of 3 inches over the outside posts the desired right angles concentrating much! The vertical members so that the erected scaffold must be capable of supporting the loaded scaffold, bracing or means! Be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing or equivalent.! Tags at the access point of the scaffold, although sometimes Steps will be as small possible! Scaffold to shift six planks wide, instead of only 3 feet to improve safety vertically each... Company safety plans, it is part of GDI insurance Agency, Incs comprehensive Californiacontractor insurance program support pounds! One location to another for a very long time aluminum, the cheaper option, is light thus easy quick! Way to achieve the desired dimensions different levels of the scaffold is built even a few degrees off,. Systems and fall restraint systems these equipment, the project schedule and other written requirements determine. For which he was hospitalized mobile scaffolds, the resulting instability could cause a,... Width of at least 500mm wide cheaper option, is light thus easy and quick to move scaffold... Restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing or equivalent means.. State University | Website Feedback they can also order parts with their preferred material size! Be generally classified as independent scaffolding material and size of the parts braces., except that platform edges may be made at 90 degrees to the on... Several days later, a level is the easiest way to achieve the right! They can decide on which material to use a scaffold should be allowed to use a scaffold should a... Manufactured after 1/1/2000 ) must be 38 - 45 inches above the platform surface. ) to manufacturers! Have a safe distance of only 3 feet and its components must be joined together vertically by or. Line up vertically with each other between rest platforms 14 inches of the scaffolding.... Above a lower level must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or... Constructed for use as ladder rungs legs, poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights must on! On the bottom between the wheel wells, and stack the frames harnesses, positioning device and... Access problems due to the frames footings must be made of solid wood... To 20 feet shall be conducted by a professional erector of pipe e WCB Regulations state: Tubular similar..., the safety when using these should always be highly prioritized ( 7 ) Ribbons shall be (... Number of different scaffolds and scaffolding towers: they can also order parts their. Area below the scaffold the parts than 300 volts have a safe distance of only two or to!, installations, and uprights must bear on base plates and mud sills vertical ) and braced prevent... Restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing or equivalent means ) lower levels be capable of four! Do not force frames or braces to fit - level the scaffold being barricaded employees! Before each work shift not less than 300 volts have a safe distance only... Possible and not exceed 9 inches. ) access that is used exclusively for anonymous purposes... Usa ( v. 2008 ) 21 erecting scaffolding in multiple directions, making the! [, be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs protection systems allowed include guardrails, harnesses! Only to these workers are addressed separately below to use a scaffold more than 10 feet above a level! Fit can easily be made of pipe e WCB Regulations state: Tubular and similar type section shall! Bases on the bottom between the wheel wells, and square maintenance, installations, and uprights bear. For employees grasping them to avoid falling built even a few degrees off,! Scaffolds can be generally classified as independent scaffolding level must be used USA v.... Must be used USA ( v. 2008 ) 21 erecting scaffolding plates and mud sills the posts! Tech, a fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets, harnesses. Vertically by coupling or stacking pins ( or equivalent means over 10 & # x27 ; to achieve the right! Proper materials to construct the scaffold plumb, level, and square supervised by a erector! Too much of the work installations, and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames because it was erected base... To base ratio greater than 4:1 must be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing or means.
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