This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 14:24. [32]) Rites of circumcision enable each sex to assume its proper physical identity. Pottery and spinning are the exclusive domain of women, whereas basketry and weaving are male activities. The largest ginnas are subdivided into several families, or tire togo (sing.). Africa, 38(1), 16-25, Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/dogon-cultureprofane-and-arcane/47CD44EC412C57D64B141529BD52F19B, Walther, O., Renaud, T., & Kissling, J. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. From the mythical stroy of creation from the Dogon culture, hogon is seen as the spiritual leader of the Dogon social culture. This practice has been passed down for generations and is always followed, even during winter. Today, at least 35% of the Dogon practice Islam. Another example is the custom of elaborate greetings whenever one Dogon meets another. The appealing factor lies in many raw, visual, fetishized pursuits and compelling cultural narratives. Davis, Shawn R. Dogon Funerals in African Art; Summer 2002, Vol. [40] In late 1946, Griaule spent a consecutive 33 days in conversations with the Dogon wiseman Ogotemmeli, the source of much of Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen's future publications. The ritual language, "Sigi so" or "language of the Sigui", which was taught to male dignitaries of the Society of the Masks ("awa"), was considered a poor language. The Dogons are a distinct ethnic group with their own culture and religious beliefs. A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire, New Moai Statue Found on Chiles Easter Island Excites Researchers, Curious Mussel Shell Arrowheads in Norways Mountains Confound Archaeologists, 2,000-Year-Old Roman Phallus Could Be Oldest Known Sex Toy, Huge Wari Empire Temple from 800 AD Unearthed in the Highlands of Peru, What is Shambhala? The Kanaga masqueraders, at one point, dance and sit next to the bundkamba, which represents the deceased. Encyclopedia of World Cultures. Age stratification in the form of age brotherhoods is also recognized by the Dogon; the age brotherhood (tumo ) figures primarily in the batono rite during the annual sowing festival. WebDiscuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. Amsterdam: Time-Life Books B.V. The Dogon believes that the sacred serpent Lebe comes during the night to purify him and communicate wisdom to him. The virgin is replaced by one of his wives, and she also returns to her home at night. This leads linguists to conclude that Dogon is likely to have diverged from NigerCongo very early.[when?] WebThe Hogon is the spiritual and political leader of the village. Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. 1000-1500 AD, Dogon Sculpture, Mali. This is manifested through the cult of the masks, the Lebe cult, the Binu cult, and the more general cult of the ancestors associated with the ginna. [6][7] Archaeological and ethnoarchaeological studies in the Dogon region have been especially revealing about the settlement and environmental history, and about social practices and technologies in this area over several thousands of years. WebThe Hogan performs a diverse array of political and social functions and is a master of trade and commerce. Once in every sixty yearsroughly within a Dogon's life spana major Sigi (Sigu) ceremony takes place. Other authors have argued that previous 20th-century European visitors to the Dogon are a far more plausible source of such information and dispute whether Griaule's account accurately describes Dogon myths at all. WebThe Dogon are renowned for their attachment to African Culture and traditions, and in Mali, I have witnessed many difficult mental illnesses being cured by Dogon healers, called the Hogon, which is the name for the Dogon priest. He is elected from among the oldest men of the dominant lineage of the village. Here goods are exchanged not only between neighboring Dogon villages, but also between the Dogon and neighboring groups such as the Fulani and Dyula. Orientation The Dogon also plant and maintain a variety of useful trees such as date palms. Minor regional dialectal differences exist. [43] Sirius, in the Dogon system, formed one of the foci for the orbit of a tiny star, the companionate Digitaria star. 5 (December 1991), pp. The most ancient dialects are dyamsay and tombo, the former being most frequently used for traditional prayers and ritual chants. "[49], Griaule's daughter Genevive Calame-Griaule responded in a later issue, arguing that Van Beek did not go "through the appropriate steps for acquiring knowledge" and suggesting that van Beek's Dogon informants may have thought that he had been "sent by the political and administrative authorities to test the Dogon's Muslim orthodoxy". The name of the country was changed to "French Sudan," and French administrators levied taxes and introduced currency reforms (e.g., French francs to replace the native cowrie shells). Their images or figures appeared on the female side of the Dogon sanctuary. It is thus mysterious that there are so few references to the planets in ancient literature. Funerals for women, who are generally excluded from awa membership, are simple, with little if any ceremony. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. Other specialists are the healers or herbalists (dyodyonune ), who treat the sick, and sorcerers (dyonune ), who cast spells. Each Dogon village may differ in the designs of the masks used in the dama ritual. The escarpment is rich in archaeological discoveries both from the Dogon and the earlier Tellem society. Its head, called the ginna bana, is the oldest living male member of his generation. Economically, the Dogon are no longer as dependent on agriculture as in the past. During this time, new masks are carved and dedicated to their ancestors. (February 23, 2023). Starting with the French anthropologist Marcel Griaule, several authors have claimed that Dogon traditional religion incorporates details about extrasolar astronomical bodies that could not have been discerned from naked-eye observation. The yingim and the danyim rituals each last a few days. Public opinion is a great regulator of social behavior in Dogon society, not so much for its threats of punishment through shame, but by its withdrawal of satisfaction and love from its erring members. The horse, symbolizing power and wealth, is A few villages also keep bees. Dogon art consists primarily of sculptures. Villages usually contain a single localized lineage whose dwellings are grouped around the "great house" (ginna ) of the head. ." Dogon art revolves around religious values, ideals, and freedoms (Laude, 19). Each village celebrates for around a year before the 'sigi' moves to the next village. There are also areas of natural wonders, as well as regions of geological, archaeological, or historical significance. The Chilling Mystery of the Octavius Ghost Ship, What is a Wendigo? The Dogon language is classified within the Voltaic (or Gur) Subfamily of the Niger-Congo Language Family. In addition to the biological mother who cares for the infant during the nursing period, the second wife, the father's mother and other women of the grandmother's generation, sisters of the father, friends of the wife, and older sisters of the child all serve as caretakers. Unlike norms for the rest of society, parallel-cousin marriage is allowed within castes. Domestic Unit. The human story begins in Africa. This marks the end of their youth, and they are initiated. [19] What makes the record so important from a historical perspective is that the Dogon people were still living in their oral culture at the time their religion was recorded. The Dogon are best identified for their religious traditions, the mask dances, wooden WebHogon are the high priests of the cult of Lebe, the first Dogon ancestor to die, whose body was miraculously transformed into a snake after his death. It is truly one of the most impressive regions in Sub-Saharan Africa . Of the many fascinating fossil sites in Africa, an important one is the Cradle of Humankind outside of Johannesburg, South Africa. [14], For almost 1000 years,[15] the Dogon people, an ancient ethnic group of Mali[16] had faced religious and ethnic persecutionthrough jihads by dominant Muslim communities. The hogon is always a man. He is elected from among the oldest men of the dominant lineage of the village. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. ." This problem has been solved! [2] They speak the Dogon languages, which are considered to constitute an independent branch of the NigerCongo language family, meaning that they are not closely related to any other languages. Masques dogons. The economy of the Sangha region has doubled since then, and its onions are sold as far as the market of Bamako and those of the Ivory Coast. & E.I.K. Durieux-Boon (2004). Division of Labor. After being chosen, a hogon must pass through several months without washing or shaving. [15] These jihadic expeditions formed themselves to force the Dogon to abandon their traditional religious beliefs for Islam. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Religious Beliefs. Succession to office is patrilineal (by younger brother). This was to prevent a being like the Jackal from ever being born on Earth again. WebThe social and cultural traditions of the Dogon are among the best preserved of sub-saharan Africa, despite certain important irreversible socio-economic mutations. Expert Answer Introduction. Sometime in the 14 th century, the Dogon people arrived in the area and drove the Tellem from the escarpment, although it is also possible that the latter were assimilated as within the abandoned Tellem villages, the influence of this culture on the Dogon is apparent. Webaccording to the Dogon culture, when a hogan is chosen, he must go for months on end without bathing and shaving the hair on their bodies from the head to toes.this means that the hogan will forego any hygiene practice for along duration so as to fulfill the requirements of being a hogan. All the rites and ceremonies involve, in varying degrees of complexity, offerings and sacrifices, mock battles, and the prominent display of the carved masks (generally through their use in the elaborate dances of the masked society). Other crops include sesame, maize, Encyclopedia of World Cultures. This theme was fundamental to the Dogon religion. The traditional dama consists of a masquerade intended to lead the souls of the departed to their final resting places, through a series of ritual dances and rites. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dogon. Following French rule, this concept was modified to allow individual ownership of property. Heaven on Earth? Omissions? There are twelve categories of disease considered treatable, each with its own specific healer who has special knowledge of the specific plant that will bring about a cure. Dogon lineage is patrilineal, meaning Les dogon. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. The Dogon are The Dogon numbered 500,000 on the eve of Malis independence on Inheritance. Paulme, Denise (1940). 'We have in the Dogon information a predictive mechanism which it is our duty to test, regardless of our preconceptions.' The Dogon are primarily agriculturists, their principal crops being millet, sorghum, rice, onions, beans, tobacco, and sorrel. A Hogon is a spiritual leader in a Dogon village who play an important role in Dogon religion . The Dogon are an ethnic group in Mali, with some unusual mythology and cultural practices. The Dogon migrated after the empire's collapse to the cliffs of the Bandiagara plateau. Today, at least 35% of the Dogon practice Islam. 16th-20th Century. Nearby is a cave where music instruments are stored. [11] Other oral histories place the origin of the Dogon to the west beyond the river Niger, or tell of the Dogon coming from the east. Monogamy is the major form of marriage, although nonsororal polygyny with a limit of two wives is permitted. She returns to her home at night. Within the village, individual houses are set around a rocky, irregularly shaped open space and separated from neighboring houses by stone walls. The "Sigi so" was used to tell the story of creation of the universe, of human life, and the advent of death on the Earth, during both funeral ceremonies and the rites of the "end of mourning" ("dama"). During the 1890s, a French army was sent into the region for the purpose of establishing colonies. Domestic slavery existed before colonization but is now forbidden by law. In the past the Dogon were considered a warlike people; they often fought with other Dogon districts as well as with their non-Dogon neighbors such as the Fulani. The curvilinear design and the accompanying child suggest a female. It seems likely that the Dogon people are an amalgamation of several groups who resisted Islamization. [4], The principal Dogon area is bisected by the Bandiagara Escarpment, a sandstone cliff of up to 500 metres (1,600ft) high, stretching about 150km (90 miles). The ceremony originally honored the dead ancestors but is now for the living; it serves to halt the gradual cultural decline in Dogon society and to cleanse the community of its sins and bad feelings. and are commonly hidden from the public eye within the houses of families, sanctuaries, or kept with the Hogon (Laude, 20). The orbit cycle takes 50 years. After initiation, he wears a red cap, and a pearl bracelet. Individuals with high status may own a small number of cattle.[30]. From 1931 to 1956, Griaule studied the Dogon in field missions ranging from several days to two months in 1931, 1935, 1937 and 1938[39] and then annually from 1946 until 1956. Similarly each village may have their own way of performing the dama rituals. In the event of a divorce, the woman takes only the youngest child with her, and the rest remain as a part of the husband's household. A. After Mali's independence from France in 1960, a 40-kilometer road was built from Bandiagara to Sanga, which further disrupted traditional life. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Sculpture Tellem, Mali. There are at least five distinct groups of dialects. There is also a secret ritual language sigi s (language of Sigi), which is taught to dignitaries (olubar) of the Society of the Masks during their enthronement at the Sigui ceremony. According to Shawn R. Davis, this particular ritual incorporates the elements of the yingim and the danyim. It has a strict code of etiquette, obligations, interdicts, and a secret language (sigi so). African religions: Ritual and religious specialists. The smallest country of mainland Africa, this small nation can seem quite unremarkable at first glance, being confined only to the length of the Gambia River and Shambhala, which is a Sanskrit word meaning place of peace or place of silence, is a mythical paradise spoken of in ancient texts, including the Kalachakra Tantra and the ancient scriptures of the Zhang Zhung culture which predated Tibetan Buddhism in western Tibet. ." [citation needed] After a couple has had children together, divorce is a rare and serious matter, and it requires the participation of the whole village. But Islamic law classified the Dogon and many other ethnicities of the region (Mossi, Gurma, Bobo, Busa and the Yoruba) as being within the non-canon dar al-harb and consequently fair game for slave raids organized by merchants. According to Ogotemmli's description of them, the Nummo, whom he also referred to as "Water", had green skinned covered in green hair, and in form were like human from the loins up, but serpent below. ', This alludes to reports that the Dogon knew of another star in the Sirius system, mm Ya, or a star "larger than Sirius B but lighter and dim in magnitude". In addition to the priests and religious functionaries of the various cults, there are seers or visionaries (kumogu ) and diviners. Often the buildings are so close to one another that the floors of some houses begin where the roofs of adjacent ones end. [citation needed][why?] While the people keep chickens or herds of sheep and goats in Dogon villages, animal husbandry holds little economic value. Translation of 5,500-Year-Old Babel Text from China Reveals Oldest Known Map of Inner Solar System, The Gristhorpe Man: A Bronze Age Skeleton with a Story to Tell, 3: The Perfect Number - Trinity Symbolism in World Religious Traditions, Evidence that Noahs Ark Landed on a Mountain 17 Miles South of Ararat, The origins of human beings according to ancient Sumerian texts, The Truth Behind the Christ Myth: Ancient Origins of the Often Used Legend Part I, Library in Stone: The Ica Stones of Professor Cabrera Part I, Two Sides to Every Story: The North American Martyrs Shrines and Indigenous/ Roman Catholic Relations, The Origins of the Faeries: Encoded in our Cultures Part I, Curse of the Buried Pearl: The Hunt for Ancient Treasures Part I, The Enigma of the Shugborough Inscription, The Dogons Extraordinary Knowledge of the Cosmos and the Cult of Nommo, Those Who Once Reigned: Experts Name Famous and Forgotten Ancient Gods, The Legend of How Mansa Abu Bakr II of Mali Gave up the Throne to Explore the Atlantic Ocean, https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=084681896, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/dogon-cultureprofane-and-arcane/47CD44EC412C57D64B141529BD52F19B, https://journals.openedition.org/articulo/417, Petra Historic World Heritage Site Blasted By Flash Floods, The Classical Gardens of Suzhou: A Sight to Behold, Denizens of South Africas Cradle of Humankind: The First Walking Apes, The Unfinished Timurid Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, The Magnificent Citadel of Erbil - A True Archaeological Sandwich, Kunta Kinteh - The African Island at the Heart of the Slave Trade. The Cliff of Bandiagara (or Land of the Dogons) in Mali is an outstanding landscape and has earthen architecture that seems to defy the laws of nature and the passing of time. Masks used during the yincomoli ceremony include the Yana Gulay, Satimbe, Sirige, and Kanaga. The first wife, or ya biru, holds a higher position in the family relative to any wives from later marriages. The principal domestic animals are sheep, goats, donkeys, dogs, chickens, guinea fowls, ducks, some cattle, a few horses, and cats. [2], The hogon has a key role in village rituals and in ensuring fertility[3] and germination. van Beek (text) (2001). However, even in polygynous marriages, it is rare for a man to have more than two wives. While there is not a great deal of accommodation near the Cliff of Bandiagara (Dogon County), there is some in nearby towns. During a greeting ritual, the person who has entered the contact answers a series of questions about his or her whole family, from the person who was already there. They were, however, frequently raided by local Muslims who killed the men and enslaved the women and children. ); Brooklyn Museum, Sculpture, probably an ancestor figure; 17th18th century; wood; height: 59cm (23 in. Although the importance of the tumo is gradually decreasing, age remains a key status factor. Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. Kado), a Fulbe word meaning "stranger" or "pagan.". Trade. "[24] The removal of the second sex and soul from humans is what the ritual of circumcision represents in the Dogon religion. Because the word sewa is so commonly repeated throughout a Dogon village, neighboring peoples have dubbed the Dogon the sewa people. In the Dogon language, the sun's name (nay) had the same root as "mother" (na) and "cow" (n). Formally, wives join their husband's household only after the birth of their first child. Ciarcia, Gaetano "Dogons et Dogon. Caste boys do not get circumcised.[31]. The Dogon are an ethnic group indigenous to the central plateau region of Mali, in West Africa, south of the Niger bend, near the city of Bandiagara, and in Burkina Faso.The population numbers between 400,000 and 800,000. The Mali landscape around Dogon (Spooner, J / CC BY 2.0 ). Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). [4], The hogon is central to a wide range of fertility and marriage rituals, which are closely related to Dogon origin myths. The mausoleum was built during the reign of Timur, the ruler of the Timurid Empire. The Dogon languages show few remnants of a unique noun class system, an example of which is that human nouns take a distinct plural suffix. [33], The Dogon are among several African ethnic groups that practice female genital mutilation, including a type I circumcision, meaning that the clitoris is removed.[34]. Each Dogon village, or enlarged family, is headed by one male elder. Dogon has been frequently referred to as a single language. Grain is stored in granaries. Craft skills are well developed among the Dogon, especially the making of pottery and baskets, weaving, wood carving, and leather- and ironworking. Where diseases are considered to be supernaturally based or the result of sorcery, a healer-diviner is called in who determines the cause of the disease (through divination), then offers sacrifices, magical charms, and incantations to bring about a cure. The leather-workers engage in significant trade with other ethnic groups and accumulate wealth. , maize, Encyclopedia of World Cultures few days Rites of circumcision enable sex... For hogon within the dogon culture prayers and ritual chants fertility [ 3 ] and germination caste boys not! Rocky, irregularly shaped open space and separated from neighboring houses by stone walls around Dogon Spooner! A key role in Dogon villages, animal husbandry holds little economic value next village formed to... Addition to the planets in ancient literature close to one another that the and... The largest ginnas are subdivided into several families, or enlarged family, is headed by one male.! The head used for traditional prayers and ritual chants men of the numbered. Bundkamba, which represents the deceased information a predictive mechanism which it is thus mysterious that there are areas! The mausoleum was built from Bandiagara to Sanga, which further disrupted traditional.... 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