. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. We hypothesized that the indigenous people of Eastern Uganda have used T. indica for generations and developed practices that promote its conservation and therefore we expected that they possess an elaborate IK system and that most of them have planted the species. Harvesting was mostly done by young men and children. When the time came, the group accompanied Manu to the cemeterys edge. He prayed to his god and with a timid, trembling hand, touched the trunk. This is in agreement with Shapi et al. According to popular belief, both are home to spirits and ghosts. Public Health actions Indigenous knowledge and uses concurred with scientifically proven nutritional and medicinal attributes of T. indica in literature which is significant given current trends towards affordable functional foods. Warm breaths. Population structure and regeneration status of medicinal tree Illicium griffithii in relation to disturbance gradients in temperate broad-leaved forest of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Afr J Ecol. The IK possessed by locals was shrouded in myths and superstitions. A few years ago while visiting Estate Whim Plantation on St. Croix; where there is a large tamarind tree growing in the field, I noticed a young couple inquisitively looking at the fallen tamarinds and subsequently at the many tamarinds hanging in the tree. They pulled him forward. The survival of very old trees estimated to be over a century old is advantageous as it contributes directly to the survival of T. indica populations in the area. Although focus group discussions indicated that T. indica was grown with peas, soya beans and simsim, these three crops were not encountered. Huddled against each other, they seemed, in the cemeterys light, to be wild shrubs in a deserted heath. National Environment Management Authority (NEMA). Under favorable conditions a mature tamarind trees canopy might span up to 40 feet and have a trunk up to 25 feet in circumference. It has the sweetest fruit of all the three tamarind trees on our land. No specific taboos concerning harvesting T. indica were reported in Butaleja district except for T. indica growing around sacred groves and shrines being shunned by the public. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L: Leguminosae), is an indigenous fruit tree of the tropics reported to be underutilised worldwide [7, 8]. Nalubega R, Nyanzi SA, Nakavuma JL, Kamatenesi-Mugisha M. Ethnobotanical uses of Lantana trifolia L. and Sida cuneifolia Roxb. 2007;45:2930. What if, after all, all those stories were true! Who will go after him? No one had the courage to follow him. Dey S, Swamp D, Anju S, Ananya D. In vivo efficacy of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L) fruit extract on experimental fluoride exposure in rats. The girth of the tree, measured at a height of 1.20 m, is 2.49 m (Jan 31, 2016, Wim Brinkerink).Its height is exactly 7.20 m (Jan 31, 2016, Laser with Two-point measurement (e.g. Shadows moved around the tombs. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews and observation were used to collect data. His tree was still far off. Gunasena HPM, Hughes A. Tamarind. Local communities need to be provided with clear information about the nutritional values of different tamarind products as well as economic and environmental benefits so as to encourage planting. Similarly, if the plants in your house are not Vaastu compliant, it could adversely affect your life. There is also need to explore ways of increasing earnings from T. indica. To certain Burmese, the tree represents the dwelling-place . In spite of having an intricate IK system, it has not significantly affected processing of T. indica as no value-added products were encountered and T. indica remains underutilized. Key informant interviews in Tororo revealed that tamarind fruitpulp was used as a preservative for the millet bread which warriors fed on during the tribal wars between the Jopadhola and Banyole. A modified form of snow-ball sampling was used to select respondents for key informant interviews [20, 21]. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of IK, attitudes and practices on the use and conservation of T. indica. Documenting the knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with T. indica production and conservation was therefore deemed pertinent given its potential to address the constraints faced by the local communities [79]. The communities in the study areas face several constraints including malnutrition, food insecurity, low income, inadequate health services as well as environmental degradation exacerbated by unreliable rainfall and annual drought [15, 17]. Whatever the case, lovely tamarinds hedge and protect the old cemeteries of Tamil Nadu. These 32 people ate at this restaurant January 14 - 17, 2023, and started having symptoms January 17 - 20, 2022. and De Caluw et al. World Forest Series vol 12. Responses from focus group discussions revealed that young people were not as knowledgeable as the elders concerning tamarinds uses. Noss et al. Tamarindus indica was also used as a live support for climbers including passion fruit and oyster nut. One by one, he remembered all those legends. UNDP Uganda Human Development Report 2007. tamarind, (Tamarindus indica), evergreen tree of the pea family (Fabaceae), native to tropical Africa. The damage was attributed to browsing of saplings by livestock, especially goats, and removal of bark of stems and roots of mature trees for medicinal purposes. p. 1516. Alternatively a long stick was used to remove the fruits. If it is not even colored or looks moldy throw it out and pick another. Did he hear a voice behind him? The authors are grateful to Kyambogo University for granting study leave to EEO. He approached the tree. Nobody sees them. AM is a Professor and Dean of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University. The high level of IK has not translated into high rates of planting T. indica. Status and future plans for food and nutrition security in Uganda. These nails are everywhere! An old branch cracked and fell. While majority of urban youth despised consumption of tamarind, rural youth were more interested in earning an income from selling T. indica products. They grow in abundance on branches and vary from 2 to 7 inches long and about 1 inch in diameter. In the cemetery of Murungapalayam, a little village on the outskirts of Pondicherry, there is a huge, beautiful tamarind tree with the sinister reputation of having more than a thousand nails driven into its trunk. We indicate the names of villages and subcounties where the study was conducted. Responses from focus group discussions and key informant interviews were organized around the major themes. This might seem inviting to someone working hard outside in the Caribbean sun, for taking a break. Sign up to receive Virgin Islands articles, updates and offers. A common belief formerly prevalent in both districts was that whoever planted T. indica would die before tasting its fruit. The local peoples observations (Table2) are in agreement with documented descriptions of T. indica as having strong roots and branches, wind resistant, highly resistant to disease attacks and able to grow successfully under a variety of soil and agroclimatic conditions [79, 12]. There is need to encourage value-addition so as to maximize T. indica benefits and enhance conservation. But they really are good, really! He climbed down from his branch. Tamarind Tree Provincial Vietnamese Restaurant. As would be expected it is cooler in the shade. Whats this piercing heat on my neck? He threw his hammer towards the ground; it bounced off several branches. Hung on this tree with his regrets, may he wait for the day of his natural death. Trees begin to produce fruit after 4 years of growth, sometimes 5 and in some cases longer. Phil Trans R Soc B. Fifty two out of the 60 tamarinds (87%) encountered in quadrats grew among other crops or trees. http://www.scienceworldjournal.com/. Unlike other tree seedlings that are usually destroyed before or during ploughing, T. indica seedlings were spared while saplings were pruned to enable easy maneuvering of the ox-plough commonly used in the area. See a problem? The threat from collection of tamarind root and stembark for medicinal purposes remains minimal. Dig a hole twice the size of the root ball of the plant. In Uganda it is indigenous and the study areas of Butaleja and Tororo districts in Eastern Uganda form part of its natural range [13]. But when he tried to start again, he couldnt find his nail. There was only his nail and his hammer. Corrections? Ten other key informants were selected from names suggested by the District Environment Officers, subcounty chiefs or during focus group discussions. His whole body started to tremble from the shock. And what if its true? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The majority of respondents viewed T. indica as a valuable resource. He couldnt see them. Tamarind is a huge tree & some regions in India associates it with ghost dwelling trees. Tamarindus indica possesses great potential to address various nutritional, health, socioeconomic and environmental constraints [7, 11, 12]. A large tamarind tree provides ample shade beneath its branches. The majority of T. indica observed (92%) appeared healthy (without disease or pest infestations). A shudder ran through them all. If I go, will the ghosts let me leave in peace?I never thought that climbing up a tree could be so hard. Updates? No! JDK is a Professor and Principal, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University. There are no ghosts! Terms and Conditions, These findings concur with Banana et al. No one dares sit in its shade. If in doubt, you can purchase some from a roadside vendor. Traditionally, tamarind beverage was recommended for convalescents and expectant mothers. What? During the dry season the concentrate was eaten as a sauce with millet bread due to scarcity of fresh vegetables. The next day, they found Manus body on a branch, bent in two. All rights reserved. The research team did not access T. indica in sacred groves as this required strict observance of rituals and practices which were beyond the scope of this study. Applying gentle pressure will cause the shell to crack. Well-packaged conservation messages targeting school going children are more likely to be embraced by both the children and their parents thus boosting planting of T. indica. They were sorry they had let him go. Ill nail it through the highest branch.And at midnight! The time when everything in the village is asleep, when everything in the cemetery is awake. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the relationship between T. indica and surrounding plants. Be it small or big, avoid keeping potted plants along the North and East walls of the house. 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