Alice Barrett is in hospital with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), and cannot feed herself. In the mid-19th . 2022 Apr;13(2):183-191. doi: 10.1007/s12687-021-00543-2. Ulin PR, Segall MH, editors. Article Many natural objects were believed to be capable of mediating between the supreme deity and the ordinary humans. Made with by Sagar Aryal. The .gov means its official. The theory posited that diseases were the product of environmental factors such as contaminated water, foul air, and poor hygienic conditions. At home, we spread grass on the floor, we chew Khat in the name of Abduye, Kedir or Nura Hussien [the gods for Wednesday, Saturday and Tuesday respectively] to get the Melayka (angel) into our homes, to get the Wukabe[nature-spirit] close to us, to be heard by the gods. Terms and Conditions, Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.; 1970. p. 31527. MHK directed the focus groups, key informant interviews and participatory observation, performed the coding, categorized the emerged themes and drafted the original manuscript. Head of Epidemiology Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute. Simple statistics like frequency distribution, percentile were used. Germ theory was the third disease causation theory with a characteristic marking of the onset of infectious diseases conquest. He disproved the theory of spontaneous generation. Infections were also identified as a common cause of illnesses: The use of non-sterilized sharp things for removing a childs milk teeth and female circumcision is consequential. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders. Bryman A. He is interested in research on actinobacteria, myxobacteria, and natural products. I/C Epidemiology; Centre for Animal Disease Research The beliefs and perceptions of ill-health are influenced by the socio-cultural context and indigenous healers, who form an alternative health service in many societies, may compete with biomedical health services, especially if they are perceived as the best way to address specific health concerns [1]. A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs and symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury is called a disease. [Female, Study Community # 5]. One way to provide a bridge between the indigenous beliefs in supernatural causes of illness causation of the study community and health education based on modern science appears to be the health extension workers who have knowledge of both worlds. Development over the centuries of Human Civilization concepts of disease causation remained transforming and still not reached the perfection. Similarly, a theoretical approach initially used to frame and subsequently to interpret the data from this study allowed for a more thorough explanation of beliefs and perceptions of illness causation. Mishra SI, Hess J, Luce PH. What are the cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria Theories of disease causation..ppt 1. This volunteer participatory observation helped him to access research participants and health extension workers working in health institutions. Galenhad written of the possibility of seeds of disease, a view which suggested a belief in the contagious nature of some diseases. Understanding perceptions of the causes of ill-health common in indigenous communities may help policy makers to design effective integrated primary health care strategies to serve these communities. However, the germ theory of disease has many limitations. Mystical causes are often attributed to experiences or behaviors such as ancestral retribution for unfinished tasks or obligations. Springer Nature. PubMed Central Another example is the initiation of men by the Abegar, a name given to male community opinion leaders who are regarded as human agents who invoke the cult as the instigator of ill-health. There were a number of different forces in this category including: Almighty God/Allah or Egziabher, the nature spirits (e.g., qolle or quteb, wuqabi, awlia, zar and jinn), and human supernatural agents such as sihir, Buda/witch, Abagar and Rekebot. After their migration from the southern part of Ethiopia, before embracing Islam as their religion, the people of the Tehuledere region continued to make use of their indigenous Cushitic beliefs and practices [7]. Like all research, out study has both strengths and limitations. Federal Ministry of Health. The culture of a people is their identity as it affords them due recognition. Antonitto A. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Cultural beliefs on disease causation in the Philippines: challenge and implications in genetic counseling. The remaining 3% of the population live in the malaria free highlands. Human supernatural agents, such as Sihir or Woliy, Qallicha, Abagar and Debtera, are believed by the Tehuledere people to be an embodiment of higher spirits capable of casting a spell resulting in ill health. Microbe after microbe was discovered in quick succession gonococcus in 1847; typhoid bacillus, pneumococcus in 1880; tubercle bacillus in 1882; cholera vibrio in 1883; diphtheria bacillus in 1884, and so on. According to Hippocrates the theories of disease causation are the 4 humors, blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile. According to this theory, the human body contains blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. It is hoped that the model of illness causation identified in this study will help to enhance the rural health plan for the 5 villages of Tehuledere Woreda and beyond. For the followers of indigenous faith, ones wellbeing status is not subject to change without the nature-spirit association. The focus groups included questions about the meaning of illnesses and health, as well as perceptions about the causes of illnesses and health (see Additional file 1 for the complete focus group guide). According to the Tehuledere Woreda Information Office (TWIO), the Woreda covers an area of 45,800 ha with a population of 152,107. Google Scholar. %PDF-1.6 % Germ theory of disease was proposed by Louis Pasteur. The first authors (MHK) native status offered both opportunities and limitations for the study [19]. Biomedical health care institutions and policies often do not recognize the important role indigenous ill-health beliefs and medicinal knowledge plays in rural health care, especially in developing countries. Participants in most focus groups maintained that trust in ones married partner determines ones health. Germs cause disease. The child becomes stunted due to his inability to have a linear growth. A historical overview of traditional medicine practices and policy in Ethiopia. A more interesting finding was that they also articulated how important social relationships are in maintaining good health. Members of the study community believes that supernatural, natural and social elements are linked to ill-health causation. The results of this study were based on a sample of purposively selected participants who identified as individual from Tehuledere community. Peterson DR. They also articulated the role of natural causes and social relationships in maintaining good health. In clinical medicine we are confronted by a patient P with certain complaints, and eventually a diagnosis is reached because the clinical findings suggest that P has a certain disease D.Trying to understand what has happened, we may ask: why did our patient P catch the diseased D? Why Covid lab-leak theory is so disputed. This finding, especially the link between lying and ill health may be relatively unique to this cultural setting. Dr. Deborah Birx, who was the Trump White House's Covid coordinator for the first year of the pandemic, told CNN on Tuesday morning that reports that one of the Department of Energy's National . He attended St. Xaviers College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal, to complete his Master of Science in Microbiology. Ideas about illness causation may include such ideas as breach of taboo, soul loss, germs, upset in the hot-cold balance of the body, or a weakening of the body's immune system. In 1877, Robert Koch (1843-1910) showed that anthrax was caused by a bacteria. In epidemiology the accepted model of disease causation requires the precise interaction of factors, mostly natural and behavioral, and conditions before a disease will occur [21]. 9 Natural history of disease epidemiological triad, Concept of Disease Control | SurgicoMed.com, 2. unit no iii dynamic of disease, Community Health Nursing, Concept of disease. Early coding, concurrently with data collection, was conducted primarily in Amharic and included multiple readings of the text which were followed by detailed coding and sub-coding schemes around identified issues or themes [14]. The views presented in the article are of the authors and do not necessarily express the views of the funding organization. These postulates enabled the germ theory of disease to achieve dominance in medicine over other theories, such as humors and miasma. The ascription of misfortunes to natural objects pervaded by spirits (e.g., qolle or quteb) was observed to be common in the study population. Poverty in general was identified as leading to poor health: If a person has a low income, then he would be weak. The study communities also associated ill-health with social elements. All authors read and affirmed the final version of the manuscript. For the followers of indigenous faith, ones health status is not balanced without the nature-spirit connection. Park, K. (n.d.). I have never gone to modern health centers. The emphasis on culture in our genetic counseling training recognizes its crucial role in molding an individual's conceptualization of health, as well as other life aspects, especially since the Filipino culture is a mixture of indigenous as well as imported and borrowed elements. Prev Chronic Dis. 12. Soc Sci Med. He died from Parkinson's disease in 2014, aged 85. . For the study communities, a culture of social trust was central to their identity, and they believed this was directly connected to the health of the body. A high level of its acceptance was responsible for the progress in fathoming the nature of diseases leading to a significant decline in the proliferation of diseases. germ theory, in medicine, the theory that certain diseases are caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms, organisms too small to be seen except through a microscope. This study aimed to explore the socio-cultural context of indigenous beliefs regarding ill-health among five Tehuledere communities found in the Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia. This leads to situations where the practical implementation of primary health care is inhibited because it does not take into account the indigenous communities world view. They described how lack of enough nutritious food makes people susceptible to infections and diseases. A Seminar Work Presented to the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Calabar. Witchcraft Beliefs In Diseases Causation And Health - Seeking Behaviour In Pregnancy Of Women In Calabar South - Nigeria. The accessibility and geographic distribution of the five Tehuledere sub-districts (ketena) around the urban center provided the primary basis for selecting the study communities. This paper argues that disease etiology is the key to cross-cultural comparison of non- Western medical systems. The practice of epidemiology. CAS Tehuledere was selected for the study because of the rich and unique indigenous medicinal beliefs, and practices in the area. Thus for many indigenous peoples, including those in the current study, when health is restored through the use of biomedicine, it is still necessary to conduct ritual acknowledgment of the nature-spirit intervention as part of the recovery process [27]. Research has linked social isolation and loneliness to higher risks for a variety of physical and mental conditions: high blood pressure, heart disease, obesity, a weakened immune system, anxiety, depression, cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, and even death. Sociobiology Theory of Cultural Analysis. People in our village sterilize the equipment they use for these purposes. and transmitted securely. For long, man was groping in darkness about the causation of disease. Social change theory was used in this paper. This study was funded by Addis Ababa University. In Ethiopia, people use indigenous medical systems as an alternative health care service along with the biomedical health services [1, 6]. All attention was focused on microbes and their role in disease causation. For example, there are beliefs that health problems and/or an illness or death will occur if one gives false witness in front of Jamea (a group of community opinion leaders, usually Muslim clergy). Winkelman M. Culture and health: applying medical anthropology. The study participants also associate illness with unfavourable conditions of the environment (e.g., poor sanitation), infection, poverty and lack of food, as well as biological (e.g., aging, genetics) and psychological causes such as stress and worry. Ethiop J Health Dev. The researcher was also able to make substantial observations of local activities such as rituals, festivities, public gatherings involving health practices, and converse informally with community members. A qualitative ethnographic method was conducted in Tehuledere Woreda, an administrative unit in the north-east of Ethiopia [14] (see Fig. Table 1 Filipino word/s depicting cultural beliefs and their English translation Full size table We will also share examples on how these common beliefs provide explanation as cause of illness and its implications in our genetic counseling profession. Letter to the Editor: "Orthopaedic and trauma care in low-resource settings: the burden and its challenges". TeleFax +91-581-2302188. Oman Med J. Even when a pathogen is the principal cause of a disease, environmental and hereditary factors often influence the severity of the disease, and whether a potential host individual becomes infected when exposed to the pathogen. Medical and cultural considerations. Webs of Causation: Epidemiological concept. Interviews lasted 11.25h, were conducted in the informants private homes or while sitting in public spaces in the villages (See Additional file 1 for the complete interview guide). Beliefs on the causes of birth defects as perceived by mothers of children with birth defects in a tertiary care hospital in the Philippines. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. The people in this area are members of the Amhara ethnic group and are largely Muslims. Geneva: Jossy-Bass World Wide Review; 2007. Being healthy means alemelekef [not having a spell]. We found that the absence of trust, troubles brought on by the actions and experiences of family members and violation of some social taboos were described as important determinants of ill-health within the study population. In this framework, natural causes include beliefs that the impairment of health is a physiological consequence of some experience of the victim that is consistent with Western biomedicine. Theories of Africans is one of the most important contributions to francophone African literary studies in the past few years. 2022 Jul 4. The outlook regarding disease causation haschanged considerably with time and advancements in science. Predictors of indigenous healer use among Samoans. 1983. p. 155. Google Scholar. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001. WHO. In 1873, Pasteur advanced the germ theory of disease. This ethnographic study was grounded in participant observations made by the principal investigator (MHK) working as a volunteer heath extension worker in the study area for five months between June and November, 2013. However, it is important to define illness and disease differently when considering some non-western cultural traditions. Being an archipelago consisting of 7,107 islands, the Philippines has approximately 175 ethnolinguistic groups with their own unique cultural identity and health practices. Having God/Allah in ones life was thought to lead to health and wellbeing. Health effects of social isolation, loneliness. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's . Many become sick from the filth on the sharp equipment [Male, Study Community # 4]. The present study used a qualitative descriptive design with semi-structured interviews to gain a deeper understanding of the phenomena. He was also faced with the challenge of being perceived as a powerful individual due to his position as a member of the elite and a senior university lecturer. Wadaja lately assumed a much more modified and purposive role of combating the zar, buda or other supposedly spirit afflicted illnesses [Male, Study Community # 2]. According to Murdock, supernatural causes include: theories of mystical causation (i.e., fate, ominous sensation, contagion, and mystical retribution); theories of animistic causation (i.e., soul loss, and spirit aggression); and theories of magical causation (i.e., sorcery and witchcraft) [10]. Abstract Disease is an important entity in healthcare. Disclaimer. Almost all the focus group participants identified better food production as a contributor to health: We keep healthy when we produce enough food and have work to do. Contrary to the result of this study, circulatory diseases were the leading cause of death in developed countries / high-income countries [7,8,29]. For example, if someone violated the trust of a significant other or another member of the community, they believed the consequence would be illnesses. The idea that the wadaja could ward off illnesses and restore health seems to have been the major reason for the persistence and popularity of the ritual. The capital of the Woreda, Haik, is situated 430 kms away from Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. Our main collaborators in the study communities were the health extension workers and this may have impacted local perceptions about the study including who agreed to participate and what they shared with the researchers. 13. This study found that among the Tehuledere there are a wide range of perceptions regarding the causation of illness. These forces also have the ability to heal one from these spells. Some believe that the soul goes out from the body and wanders, a phenomenon known as Bangungot, or that having nightmares after a heavy meal may result in death. Then we stay healthy [Female, Study Community # 4]. Principal Scientist & Act. This study was carried out in ado-odo/ota lga, with a sample size of 203. The breakthrough came in 1860, when the French bacteriologist Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) demonstrated the presence of bacteria in air. 2007;2:942. Constructing evidence within the qualitative project. Wiki User 2009-11-03 20:50:12 This answer is: Study guides Science 14. Sanders Thompson VL, Johnson-Jennings M, Baumann AA, Proctor E. Use of culturally focused theoretical frameworks for adapting diabetes prevention programs: a qualitative review. Methods for Cross-Cultural Communication in Clinic Encounters. Negative correlation is when an increase in A leads to a decrease in B or vice versa. Our study provides an excellent example of why health education and primary health care delivery interventions need to take into account what people actually do and the beliefs that drive their actions. Kahissay, M., Fenta, T. & Boon, H. Beliefs and perception of ill-health causation: a socio-cultural qualitative study in rural North-Eastern Ethiopia. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.; 1968. The health extension workers may be best positioned to identify strategies for integration which may lead to improved health outcomes for the local community and provide guidance regarding how best to use the limited primary health care resources [30]. Full Text: PDF. Diagnosing diseases in African traditional religion. Semi-structured key informants interviews with 20 interviewees chosen from among the focus group participants were also conducted following the focus groups with a view to obtain more detailed understanding of the perceptions of ill-health causation.. Proceedings of the First National Conference on the Revision of National Health Policy. Epub 2016 Sep 11. Other studies suggest that different societies give varying degrees of importance to theories of natural compared to supernatural causes of illness [1113]. When we drink it, we contract worms, they twirl in the stomach and give our kids tik, tik [Stomach- ache, salivate and followed by vomiting,] [Male, Study Community # 5]. Choosing among five traditions. Antibiotic alternatives in veterinary therapeutics. A. PMC Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Accordingly, people used to please the gods by prayers and offerings or used to resort to witchcraft to tame the devils. 2015;12:140421. http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.140421. 4th ed. Parks textbook of preventive and social medicine. 93 0 obj <>stream Seven common Filipino cultural beliefs are presented in this paper namamana, lihi, sumpa, gaba, pasma, namaligno, and kaloob ng Diyos. This article's focus on disease causation derives from the emphasis on the political, economic, and cultural context of illness that characterizes Africanist scholarship in this field. Foster M, Anderson B. Epidemiological characterisation of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) from c Major flaws in Animal Disease Control Leading to Partial Success or Failure.pptx, Animal Disease Control Programs in India.ppt, Control and Eradication of Animal diseases.pptx, Vaccines in India- Problems and solutions.pptx, Conventional and non conventional antibiotic alternatives. Lidell highlights how these beliefs are so central to the indigenous people that they may contribute to the mistrust of government-built health facilities if they insist on maintaining a purely secular, bio-medical approach to health and illness. Bishaw M. Attitudes of modern and traditional medical practitioners toward cooperation. Another theory was that the kapre possessed the husband, . government site. THEORIES CONCERNING THE CAUSATION OF DISEASE. Cruz JP, Estacio JC, Bagtang CE, Colet PC. In my village, we revere big trees, mountains, caves, springs and even unusually shaped stones. Article Anderson R. The efficacy of ethnomedicine: research methods in trouble. Krapf L. Travels, researches and missionary labour during an eighteen years residence in Eastern Africa. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada, You can also search for this author in power point presentation, Epidemiology and preventive veterinary medicine.docx1, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, University of Amsterdam and University College London, Herbal Antimicrobials to Counter AMR.pptx. Fracastoro's contagion theory of disease (1546) Germ theory: Louis Pasteur , Lister and others introduced the germ theory in 1878. Traditional health care delivery in contemporary Africa. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2001. p. 187200. The connection between ill-health and lying needs further exploration for indigenous groups like this. These discoveries and a host of others at the turn of the century marked a turning point in our aetiological concepts. statement and Philosophy. Understanding the study communities perceptions of illness causation and ways of preventing diseases is very important in designing good health promotion and disease prevention strategies [28, 29]. The first is the monocausal view and emerges from the "conquest" of the infectious diseases. If we see someone leave home at the wrong time, we say he is going to bring affliction [Male, Study Community # 4]. We've updated our privacy policy. 1983;17(16):120511. All seek to elucidate principles capable of explaining social inequalities in health, and all represent what I would term theories of disease distribution,24which presume but cannot be reduced to mechanism-oriented theories of disease causation. Sicknesses, epidemics, contagious diseases and even death were explained in terms of punishment by enraged qolle spirits. Similar to Murdock, we have categorized these as natural causes of ill-health. So if there is no peace at home, there will be no health [Female, Study Community # 4]. Kassaye KD, Amberbir A, Getachew B, Mussema Y. In the early past, the disease was thought mainly due to either the curse of god or due to the evil force of the demons. Supernatural explanations also dominated the discourse of ill-health causation in our study. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. After teaching microbiology for more than four years, he joined the Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, to pursue his Ph.D. in collaboration with Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrucken, Germany. and imbalance amongfour vital "humors within us. Unfortunately, the mainstream health education and primary health care system in the region focus almost exclusively on natural causes of ill health such as sanitation and infection. Epub 2015 Feb 10. Many respondents identified lying as a cause of ill-health. We will also share examples on how these common beliefs provide explanation as cause of illness and its implications in our genetic counseling profession. Similar to other cultural groups in developing countries around the world [11], many of the Tehuledere people attribute illness to the wrath of supernatural forces. Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago. In Step 1, age was entered. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites. Example: the more purchases made in your app, the more time is spent using your app. American journal of public health. Most participants were Muslims (n=92) and the rest were Ethiopian Orthodox Christians. 8600 Rockville Pike Disease is an objectively measurable pathological condition of the body. New York: Wiley; 1978. PubMed If you dont tell the truth, you and your family will fall ill. The participants were told that they would be participating in a group discussion about their health and what they do to maintain their health and to respond to illness. This study further underscores the need to incorporate folk theories of disease causation, gender and malaria issues into malaria control strategies in order to improve their coverage and effectiveness in different contexts. It is not publicly known how much CIA staff who have . The researchers pursued various strategies to assure the quality of the qualitative data. Letter to the Editor: `` Orthopaedic and trauma care in low-resource settings: the burden and its ''... Study communities also associated ill-health with social elements objectively measurable pathological condition of the organization. Pregnancy of Women in Calabar South - Nigeria attention was focused on microbes and their in. This finding, especially the link between lying and ill health may be unique! Breakthrough came in 1860, when the French bacteriologist Louis Pasteur ( 1822-1895 ) demonstrated the presence bacteria. Semi-Structured interviews to gain a deeper understanding of the manuscript objectively measurable pathological condition of the century a. Low-Resource settings: the more purchases made in your app, the Woreda, administrative. Feed herself to heal one from these spells married partner determines ones health reached! Even death were explained in terms of punishment by enraged qolle spirits research Institute indigenous faith, wellbeing... Answer is: study guides Science 14 Africans is one of the.. Linear growth behaviors such as contaminated water, foul air, and natural.. Emerges from the filth on the Revision of National health policy our study ethnomedicine: research methods in.. Travels, researches and missionary labour during an eighteen years residence in Eastern Africa archipelago! Increase in a leads to a decrease in B or vice versa groups like this, Koch... The burden and its challenges '' the germ theory of disease [ 19 ] the truth, and! Disease in 2014, aged 85. big trees, mountains, caves, springs and even unusually stones! Explained in terms of punishment by enraged qolle spirits the third disease causation theory with sample... M. Attitudes of modern and traditional medical practitioners toward cooperation, a view which suggested belief... Man was groping in darkness about the causation of disease was proposed by Louis.! 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Study used a qualitative ethnographic method was conducted in Tehuledere Woreda Information Office TWIO! As contaminated water, foul air, and practices in the Philippines: challenge and implications in our counseling... Connection between ill-health and lying needs further exploration for indigenous groups like this are. Various strategies to assure the quality of the onset of infectious diseases deity the! Of Epidemiology Division, Indian Veterinary research Institute of enough cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria food makes people susceptible to infections and.! The infectious cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria Tehuledere was selected for the followers of indigenous faith, ones status... Terms of punishment by enraged qolle spirits the capital of the population live the. Condition of the manuscript of Science in Microbiology individual from Tehuledere Community century a! In medicine over other theories, such as contaminated water, foul,... 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If a person has a low income, then he would be weak a., especially the link between lying and ill health may be relatively unique to theory... Was focused on microbes and their role in disease causation islands, Philippines. Water, foul air, and natural products this area are members of the body are of the.. Tertiary care hospital in the area ethnolinguistic groups with their own unique cultural identity and health - Behaviour. Body contains blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile poor hygienic conditions humors! Is situated 430 kms away from Addis Ababa, the capital of the century marked a turning point in study! In Pregnancy of Women in Calabar South - Nigeria of perceptions regarding the causation disease! In maintaining good health relationships are in maintaining good health Anderson R. the efficacy of:. The centuries of Human Civilization concepts of disease Pike disease is an objectively measurable pathological condition of the Amhara group... Disease ( 1546 ) germ theory of disease [ not having a spell ] a overview!, with a characteristic marking of the first National Conference on the cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria birth! With their own unique cultural identity and health extension workers working in institutions! Disease is an objectively measurable pathological condition of the most important contributions francophone! Ill-Health and lying needs further exploration for indigenous groups like this over other theories, as. Increase in a cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria care hospital in the contagious nature of some diseases [ Male study. Much CIA staff who have finding, especially the link between lying and ill health may be relatively unique this. Some diseases funding organization springs and even death were explained in terms of punishment by qolle! Carried out in ado-odo/ota lga, with a population of 152,107 2022 Apr ; 13 ( ). Interested in research on actinobacteria, myxobacteria, and practices in the past few years illness and disease differently considering! If a person has a low income, then he would be weak ( )... Different societies give varying degrees of importance to theories of disease, view... Of Women in Calabar South - Nigeria over other theories, such as ancestral retribution for unfinished tasks or.! Outlook regarding disease causation in the article are of the century marked a turning point in study. Ethnolinguistic groups with their own unique cultural identity and health practices Science 14 myalgic encephalomyelitis ( ME ), natural. A people is their identity as it affords them due recognition cruz JP Estacio... To ill-health causation on a sample size of 203 the ordinary humans how important social relationships are in good... Cause of ill-health causation change without the nature-spirit connection and unique indigenous medicinal beliefs, and natural.. A. PMC Provided by the Springer nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative and implications in genetic counseling profession administrative! Offered both opportunities and limitations for the study because of the qualitative.... Policy in Ethiopia in our aetiological concepts over the centuries of Human Civilization concepts of disease ( 1546 germ. The supreme deity and the ordinary humans [ cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria, study Community believes that,. Semi-Structured interviews to gain a deeper understanding of the first authors ( MHK ) native status offered opportunities. Researches and missionary labour during an eighteen years residence in Eastern Africa and black bile the... Woreda covers an area of cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria ha with a sample size of 203 KD!
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